74 BULLETIN" 376, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
The writer desires to acknowledge indebtedness to the various 
engineers and managers of irrigation, municipal, and power systems 
who permitted and aided in tests upon the pipes hi their charge. 
Acknowledgment is also made to the engineers of the United States 
Reclamation Service for suggestions and drawings. Where data 
have been secured from other sources footnotes give the necessary 
references. 
APPENDIX. 
The following pages are devoted to abstracts of descriptions of 
experiments made by agencies other than the Division of Agricultural 
Engineering, Bureau of Public Roads. The number before each 
description refers to the corresponding numbers in columns 1, Tables 
2 and 3. 
No. 1. Expt. HS-X, 1^-inch Jointed (Bored) Redwood Pipe, 1 New Almaden, 
Cal. — In 1877 Hamilton Smith, jr., made tests for loss of head in a straight pipe of 
eight joints, made of heart redwood, bored by a pipe auger. The pipes were new and 
uncoated. Connections were made by driving one joint into another, an outer iron 
band preventing splitting during this process. The area of the pipe was determined 
by weighing the water contained in each joint. The total loss of head was determined 
from the difference in elevation of the water surface over the inlet and at the mid- 
point of outlet (discharge being into open air). To ascertain friction head the velocity 
and entry heads were deducted from the effective head. The discharge was meas- 
ured accurately in a rectangular wooden tank having a total capacity of 15.2 cubic 
feet. In this series of tests the pipe and water discharges were so small that labora- 
tory accuracy was practicable. This series was used by Tutton but not by Williams- 
Hazen, Moritz, nor the writer in derivation of formulas. The line is not a stave pipe. 
Nos. 2-3. 4-inch Jointed (Machine-Banded) Wood- Stave Pipe, Sunnyside 
Project, U. S. Reclamation Service, Washington. 2 — This pipe had been used for 
three years for irrigation purposes when tested by Moritz. It is straight in horizontal 
alignment, on a continuous down grade. Discharge was measured over a 12-inch 
Cipolletti weir. A fungous growth was noted at the inlet, being from one-eighth to 
three-sixteenths inch thick. The condition of the interior of the pipe was not known. 
The short reach (No. 2) was included in the longer reach (No. 3). The capacity of 
this pipe is 12 per cent less than the discharge computed by the new formula, prob- 
ably due to the fungous growth. This conclusion is reached by taking the mean of 
observations on reaches 2 and 3 together. 
No. 4. 5-inch Jointed (Machine-Banded) Wood-Stave Pipe, Sunnyside 
Project, U. S. Reclamation Service, Washington. — This line had been used for 
about two years at the time of the tests, for conveying irrigation water across a wide, 
shallow depression. Horizontal alignment was straight. Discharge was measured 
over an 8-inch sharp-crested Cipolletti weir. Water columns were used for gauge 
No. 1 for all runs except 3 and 4, and for gauge No. 2. For runs 3 and 4 a mercury 
manometer was used at gauge No. 1. Some trouble with air in the pipe was experi- 
enced in these tests. The capacity of the pipe was about 5 per cent less than the 
discharge computed by the new formula. 
i Hydraulics. Hamilton Smith, jr., John Wiley & Sons, N. Y. (18S6), p. 297. 
2 All tests made on ihe Sunnyside project were by E. A. Moritz and associates. Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. 
Engin., 71 (1911), p. 411. 
