HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 9) 
spread to individuals of other species. For example, hogs and sheep 
that are pastured with a drove of cattle in which several deaths 
occur from hemorrhagic septicemia usually remain unaffected, al- 
though on another farm the sheep or the hogs alone may contract 
the disease and all the cattle escape. If any exceptions to this rule 
occur they are extremely rare. 
SYMPTOMS. 
In cattle the disease develops very rapidly, running a course of 
from 1 to 8 days. There is usually a steady eievation of body tem- 
perature until from 104° to 107° F. (40° to 41.67° C.) is reached. 
The animal refuses its feed. Swelling may appear beneath the skin 
of the head, throat, or dewlap. These enlargements are somewhat 
soft and pit on pressure. The tongue is often extensively swollen, 
and the animal drools and slobbers because of the irritation to its 
tongue and throat. There may be difficulty in breathing, depending 
on the degree of involvement of the air passages and of the lungs. 
Occasional coughing may occur. Muscular trembling may be evi- 
dent. There may be a blood-stained discharge from the nostrils, and 
strings of mucus may hang from the mouth. Examination of the 
nostrils often reveals the presence of many small hemorrhages just 
beneath their lining membranes. The eyelids become highly in- 
flamed and as a result tears flow down the cheeks. 
There is an intestinal form in which the changes are chiefly found 
in the abdominal cavity, or the intestinal form may develop after 
the disease has appeared in the lungs. The stomach, intestines, and 
kidneys and the lymph glands belonging to them become studded 
with hemorrhages of various sizes, and the intestines become in- 
tensely inflamed. The consequence of the developments is that diar- 
rhea sets in, accompanied with the passage of shreds of mucus and 
of bloody feces. The intestinal form is rare, as most cases show 
severe involvement of the lungs and the symptoms of croupous pneu- 
monia. The animals may stand with their forelegs wide apart in 
order to breathe more freely. They lose flesh very rapidly when 
affected “with hemorrhagic septicemia, their abdomens become 
“tucked up,” and the eyes quickly become sunken. A staggering 
gait, caused by the extreme weakness of the patient, 1s sometimes 
noticed. 
A disease has been described under the name of septic pleuropneu- 
monia of calves, which is a form of hemorrhagic septicemia, and is 
caused by the Bacillus bipolaris vitulisepticus. The symptoms shown 
by the affected calves are quite characteristic of hemorrhagic septi- 
cemia, and the post-mortem findings are also those found in that 
disease. 
