SPRING WHEAT ON" THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS. 23 
RESULTS AT NEWELL, S. DAK. 
The Belle Fourche Experiment Farm of the Office of Western 
Irrigation Agriculture is located at an altitude of 2,900 feet on the 
Belle Fourche Keclamation Project, near the town of Newell, 25 
miles northeast of the Black Hills. The soil is a heavy clay or gumbo, 
classed as Pierre clay, with a shale subsoil. The average annual rain- 
fall for the past 12 years is 14.31 inches. Cereal experiments have 
been conducted since 1908 in cooperation with the Office of Western 
Irrigation Agriculture and since 1912 under cooperative agreement 
with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. The ex- 
periments reported here were conducted wholly under dry-land farm- 
ing methods. The climate is not materially influenced by the prox- 
imity of the Black Hills, so that drought, hot winds, and severe winter 
temperature are important factors in limiting crop production. The 
more important yields are shown in Table IX. 
Five varieties of durum wheat and five varieties of common wheat 
were grown during the 5-year period from 1908 to 1912, inclusive. 
The durum varieties were consistently the better yielders, Kubanka 
(C. I. No. 1440) leading with an average yield of 10.7 bushels per acre. 
During the seven years from 1913 to 1919, durum varieties have con- 
tinued to outyield common varieties, including even the Marquis, 
which has yielded at the rate of 18.3 bushels per acre. The, Kubanka 
(C. I. No. 1516) has produced the highest average acre yield, 22.6 
bushels, outyielding Marquis by a significant difference of 4.3 bushels. 
All other durum varieties also have outyielded Marquis, and ten of 
them by differences that are significant. Of the co mm on wheats, 
Changli, a soft Chinese wheat, outyielded Marquis by 0.2 bushel in a 
5-year period, but was discarded because of poor milling quality. 
The Kitchener has outyielded Marquis during the two years, 1918 and 
1919, and the Laramie and Norka outyielded Marquis in 1919. Ail 
other com m on wheats have been outyielded by Marquis. Of the 
rust-resistant durum wheats grown during the past three years the 
Acme has outyielded Monad and D-5 by 0.3 and 0.8 bushel, respec- 
tively. In "the same period Kubanka selection No. 712 has out- 
yielded Acme by 0.4 bushel. 
