14 BULLETIN 595, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
shallowness of feeding reduces the quantity of available water that 
can be carried in the soil to about one-half of that available in deeper 
soils. The result of this is shown in the yields. (Table VII.) 
TaBLE VII.— Yields and cost of production of winter wheat by different methods at the 
Belle Fourche Field Station, 1909 to 1916, inclusive. 
Num- Yield per acre (bushels). 
ber of 
Treatment and previous plats l | 
crop. aver- er Aver- 
| aged. 1909 | 1910 | 1911 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 63 age. 
ee | 
: | 
Early fall plowed: Winter | | | 
Wlicihee eae tees 1] See @ 0 0| 21.8] 13.4-| 20.4] 88 12.4 
Late fall plowed: Winter 
WiheCal aioe See a5 2 Fee 1 19.0}; 0 0) OQ} 96:25) 2558-| 93428 16.1 Bo7 
Listed: Winter wheat... -._- el er ESS oe b 0} Ol SABE 4a) O15 Ds PASCO ea aD 14.3 
Subsoiled: Winter wheat.... 1199'S) | 20 0 O| 18.7] 14.7] 25.2} “85 12.1 
Summer tilled.= . 2.522522 i) S3254. 9.2 0O- 0} 36.5] 32.5} 59.3 14.8 75) 
Average of all 5plats........|........ 2.9, 1.8 | Bee 3 oe Aa a3 | 182| 36.2] 127] 149 
SUMMARY OF YIELDS AND DIGEST OF COST. 
- Previous 
| Tillage treatment. | crop. 
rT: | | 
Yields, values, etc. (average per acre). 
: : otis Late fall] + isteq Sub- | Summer) Winter 
plowed soiled tilled wheat 
plowat: Gi plat). | Plat). | (platy. | (plat). | (4 plats). 
Ys tlds ye grain: 
ENG i Shs BB pak bushels. . 34.4 19.0 29.3 29.3 32.4 28.0 
1910 eae eee eee So. Ba eee dossk 0 0 0 0 9.2 | 0 
[gta en ee do 0 0 0 0° 0 | 0 
CY Sx toc as ee cee ees <7 SS do. 0 0 0 0 | 0 0 
191 are ie te do. 21.8 16.2 13.4 18.7 36.5 | 17.5 
(OY ate Set Gerais Urs eed Be do. 13.4 15.1 15.2 14.7 32.5 | 14.6 
101 Soe ae eee Ee do. 20.4 34.8 41.2 25.2 59.3 | 30.4 
191G/ Se BE Cee Se do. 8.8 16.1 15.2 8.5 14.8 | 12.2 
A verape cts ap sf Dap op eeeage ee 12.4 12.7 | 143)%. a4] 23.1 | 12.8 
ae value, cost, ete.: | 
Aluee Shee a na Soe te eee | $8.68 $8.89 | $10.01 $8.47)[ S16 17" see 
Cost REE TS Gate pee taht peal ee BORD Reape 5.65 | 5.03 | - 7.03 105645) eee 
Brohit.e.. 545.26) pep a eee ee [aon SG 3.24 | 4.98 1.44 5: 5 pase 
| 
During the last eight years there have been two total failures of 
winter wheat (1911 and 1912) at the Belle Fourche station. In 1910 
the only wheat produced was 9.2 bushels per acre on summer-tilled 
land. The average yield from summer tillage is almost double that 
from any other method, though in 1909 the yield from this method 
was less than from early fall plowing. Listing has produced the ~ 
highest average yield of the continuous-cropping methods. While 
the average result shows a difference of only 0.3 of a bushel between 
early and late fall plowing, wide differences have been exhibited in 
the individual years. Generally the early fall plowing is very lumpy 
and is difficult to work down to form a compact seed bed. In years 
when there is considerable fall precipitation it is possible to work the 
