2 BULLETIN 411, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Following is a brief summary of the more significant averages 
brought out by this study: 
Averages for 186 farms let for half share of crops: 
Labor income of tenant, 1 $323. 
Landlord's interest on investment, 6.8 per cent (equivalent to a cash rent of 
S7.ll per acre). 
Averages for 12 farms let for half share of crops and of returns from dairy: 
Labor income of tenant, $715. 
Landlord's interest on investment, 7.7 per cent (equivalent to a cash rent of 
$8.95 per acre). 
Averages for 35 farms let for cash rent : 
Labor income of tenant, $206. 
Landlord's interest on investment, 3.7 per cent (equivalent to a cash rent of 
$4.32 per acre). 
It was found that the labor income of the tenant and the per cent 
received by the landlord on his investment are subject to greater 
variations on farms raising early truck than on farms raising late 
truck. 
A majority of the farmers visited considered the returns of the 
year of the survey (1913) as somewhat below normal. 
LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA. 
The farms from which records were secured are in Gloucester, Salem, 
and Cumberland Counties, within the area between the Delaware 
River on the west and north and a line on the east drawn north 
and south from Woodbury to Bridgeton. The soil 2 of the northern 
portion of this area is chiefly of a type known as Sassafras sand, a 
rather loose sandy soil well adapted to the early-maturing truck crops 
that are grown on it. In the southern portion of the area the prin- 
cipal soil is Sassafras silt loam, a well-drained, friable loam. The 
farms in this southern section are of a general type, combining the 
production of market milk and the crops necessary to feed the stock 
with wheat and such crops as tomatoes for the cannery and early 
white potatoes. Marsh meadows, some of which have been reclaimed 
from the tides, form a part of many farms. These meadows afford 
pasturage, as well as large quantities of marsh-grass hay for forage 
and bedding purposes. 
The West Jerse}' & Seashore Railroad serves the area with three 
branches which radiate from Woodbury, a city of 4,600, located in the 
northeastern corner of the area and 9.6 miles south of Philadelphia. 
There are frequent stops and sidings on these branches, and most of 
1 La^or income — that which the farmer has left as wages for his year's work after a fair rate of interest 
on the money he has invested in his farm enterprise has T>een deducted from his net returns. 
2 J. A. Bonsteel and P. W. Taylor, Soil Survey of the Salem Area, New Jersey. Field Operations of the 
Bureau of Soils for 1901 U. S. Department of Agriculture. J. A. Bonsteel, Soils of the Sassafras Series, 
U . £>. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 159. 
