WESTEBH sneezeweed as a poisonous plant. 43 
lions, yarrow, a few plants of Agastache and a bunch of Rudheckia 
occidentalis. The wheat grass stood between 2 and 3 feet high. 
Actual count of H. Tioopesii plants on measured areas, as in pre- 
ceding years, showed an average of 14 plants inside to 22 outside. 
In summing up the results of these experiments to date, the follow- 
ing statements may be made: 
1 . The sowing of grass seed was a failure, for all the grasses which 
came in were from reseeding of the natural grasses of the range. 
2. The relative number of //. Tioopesii plants on a given area had 
been reduced about one-half as the result of the prevention of grazing. 
3. The H. Tioopesii still remained in considerable abundance and 
was growing with vigor, and it is by no means clear that this method 
would accomplish anything more than a reduction of the H. tioopesii 
plants with an opportunity for the growth of grasses and other 
palatable forage. 
4. While, without doubt, the prevention of grazing will do much 
toward the restoration of the range, in localities where H. Tioopesii 
has taken possession, it will take a long time for it to be overcome 
by other plants. It is a very thrifty plant, propagating both by 
seeds and vegetatively ; so far as known, it has no insect enemies and 
is likely to hold its own in competition with others. The proba- 
bilities of real restoration of the range, in any brief period, are not 
good. While the resting will benefit a range, it probably would 
take many years to make anything like a complete restoration. 
This experiment will be continued for a further period of years in 
order to determine as nearly as may be what length of time may be 
necessary to restore the range to a reasonably good condition. 
Prevention op Losses. 
The ways by which losses of livestock by poisonous plants may be 
prevented were discussed in Farmers' Bulletin 720, and, in recapitu- 
lating the facts about H. Tioopesii it may be well to follow, in general, 
the classification of that bulletin. 
Medicinal remedies. — As stated in Bulletin 720, medicinal remedies 
in most cases of plant poisoning are of minor importance. It has 
been shown in the case of H. Tioopesii that the effects of the plant 
are of such a character that little or no help can be expected from 
remedies. 
Eradication. — This is discussed in detail on pages 39-43, where it is 
shown that eradication is practically impossible. 
Use of range when plants are least poisonous. — Some plants are 
especially dangerous at certain seasons; H. Tioopesii is dangerous 
during the whole season, so that nothing can be gained by confining 
the grazing to a part of the season. 
