WESTERN SNEEZE WEED AS A POISONOUS PLANT. 39 
Two sheep (Nos. 490 and 467) were led on this plant and during 
the feeding a mixture of tannic acid and salt was kept in the pen. 
Sheep 490 showed symptoms in 22 days after eating 69 pounds of 
the plant. Sheep 467 after 40 days feeding with a daily average 
quantity of 1.34 pounds showed no symptoms. This animal, how- 
ever, did not eat the plant freely and did not get enough during the 
period of feeding to produce toxic symptoms. Neither of the sheep 
ate very much of the tannic acid and salt mixture. In the case of 
these sheep, as of the other two, there was no evidence of any benefi- 
cial effect from the tannic acid. 
3. Because of the general practice on the Fishlake National Forest 
of moving spewing sheep to a lower level, where they could graze on 
browse, and as the browse consisted largely of oak and service berry, 
it was thought worth while to try out the effect of feeding these 
plants to animals that were receiving H. Jioopesii leaves. This was 
tried with several animals, but with no resulting benefit. From these 
experiments it seems probable that the benefits which the sheepmen 
say follow the removal of the animals to browse result not from the 
effect of the browse but from the removal of the animals from the 
sneezeweed and the consequent change of forage. 
The general result of these experiments on remedies was discourag- 
ing, and it can only be said that at the present time no effective 
remedies are known which can be used for H. Jioopesii poisoning. 
TREATMENT OF PLANT ON THE RANGE. 
Possibility of Exterminating Helenium hoopesii. 
The question has been asked, Is it not possible by digging to rid 
the range of H. Jioopesii? In order to determine this somewhat 
exactly, an area where the plant was fairly thick was measured off 
and two men were set to work — one with a hoe and the other with a 
spade — to dig up the plant. The plant was not simply cut off, but 
was dug up and the roots exposed to the sun. On the basis of the 
work done by these two men it would require 81 hours and 20 minutes 
to clear an acre. This at the present price of labor on the range would 
cost at least $30 an acre. This cost evidently is prohibitive. 
The area was cleared on September 8, 1918, and was kept under 
observation during the season of 1919. When examined on Septem- 
ber 19, 1918, it was found that the plants had been almost entirely 
killed. A few small plants had been overlooked and a considerable 
number of very small plants were found which probably started after 
the area was dug over. 
The plot was examined again August 4, 1919, when it was found 
that the few plants which were growing were for the most part from 
seedlings. On the whole area of 4 square rods, 14 flower stalks were 
