24 
BULLETIN" 947, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
presence of albumin in the urine further indicates an alteration of the 
kidney. 
Sheep 469 was fed small amounts of fresh H. Jioopesii daily, and 
frequent examinations of the urine voided were made, as shown in 
Table 3. 
Table 3.— Examination of urine of Sheep 469. 
Date. 
Condition of 
animal. 
Volume. 
Specific 
gravity. 
Reaction. 
Albumin. 
Bile 
pigment. 
Urea. 
Biliary 
acids! 
1919. 
Aug. 24 
Sept. 7 
Sept. 13.... 
Sept. 19.... 
Sept. 23.... 
Sept. 2G ... 
Mils. 
1,704 
905 
610 
254 
780 
750 
1.019 
1.027 
1.031 
1.043 
1.024 
1.015 
Alkaline 
do 
do 
do 
Acid 
Alkaline ..... 

Trace. 
....do.... 
....do.... 

+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
Grams. 
4S.7s 
31.76 
21.11 
5.19 
4.45 
22. 2S 

Fed Helenium 
hoopesii. 
do 
do 
Spewing 


6 
The volume of urine voided rapidly diminished, as did the quantity 
of urea, but not proportionately. The amount of ammonical nitro- 
gen could not be quantitatively determined in the field, but rough 
tests showed beyond question that the proportion of this was greatly 
increased. On September 19 the animal began to spew, when it 
was taken off the H. Jioopesii ration and fed hay. The volume of 
urine voided immediately rose, the quantity of urea increased more 
slowly, and the proportion of ammonical nitrogen slowly dropped 
to normal. 
Sheep 503 was investigated at the same time. This animal was 
fed a mixture of tannic-acid compound of dugaldin and magnesia. 
The result was an ultimate reduction in the amount of urine voided, 
a quick drop in urea, and an increase in ammonical nitrogen. The 
results of the examination are given in Table 4: 
Table 4. — Examination of urine of Sheep 503. 
Date. 
Condition of 
animal. 
Volume. 
Specific 
gravity. 
Reaction. 
Albumin. 
Bile 
pigment. 
Urea. 
Biliary 
acids. 
1919. 
Sept. 6 
Sept. 14 
Oct. 1 
Mils. 
1,525 
2,145 
230 
1.018 
1.014 
1.052 
Alkaline.. . . 
do 
do 

Trace. 


+ 
+ + 
Grams. 
32.88 
20. 9S 
8.1 8 

Dugaldin t an- 
nate. 
do 


DISCUSSION AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 
SYMPTOMS. 
There is a definite line of symptoms in H. Jioopesii poisoning, but 
they differ in detail according to the severity of the illness, and there 
is a fairly clear distinction between the symptoms in acute cases 
and those from prolonged feeding. In general the symptoms resem- 
ble those of other kinds of plant poisons, but are not so violent as 
in some and are not accompanied by convulsions. 
