22 BULLETIN 947, TJ. s. DEPARTMENT OF AGPJCVLTURE. 
11. Experiments uitli tlie juice. — (a) The juice is very toxic and 
small amounts of it fed daily for an extended period produce spewing 
cases. It was shown that all of the dugaldin might he precipitated 
from the juice, leaving a liquid which is not acutely toxic. Sheep 
460 received on separate days three doses of 650 mils each of juice 
which had been precipitated with tannic acid and filtered. This 
produced no effect. Inasmuch as 250 mils of the untreated juice 
were sufficient to kill in a short time, it is evident that the tannin had 
removed the toxin. 
(b) It was desired to see whether juice precipitated with tannic acid 
would cause the spewing cases. Accordingly three sheep, Nos. 463, 
473, and 501, were given from June 25 to August 23, inclusive, daily 
doses of juice from 2 pounds of fresh leaves from which the dugaldin 
had been removed by precipitation with tannic acid. As a precau- 
tion against tannic-acid poisoning, the precipitant was added only 
in slight excess to the juice and, after filtering off the precipitated 
glucosidal tannate, the excess of tannic acid was removed by neu- 
tralizing the solution with ammonia when the tannic acid precipi- 
tated as a calcium compound. At the end of the experiment each 
sheep had received the detoxicated juice from 118 pounds of fresh 
H. lioopesii radical leaves. None developed spewing symptoms and 
all survived. 
(c) Part of the tannic compound of the glucosid produced in these 
experiments was dried and fed to Sheep 482 in 2-gram doses daily 
(1J pounds green leaves) for 31 days and in 4-gram doses for 25 days 
without producing any definite effect. 
(d) A quantity of moist glucosidal tannate from 49.5 pounds of 
radical leaves was warmed with water and magnesium oxid in an 
attempt to decompose the compound and liberate the dugaldin. 
This mixture was fed hi divided doses to Sheep 503 twice daily for 
24 days. The animal did not become seriously sick, but the urea 
excretion was markedly diminished, which indicated that the glu- 
cosid was being partly absorbed. It was later found impossible to 
regenerate the glucosid quantitatively from its tannic acid compound, 
and it is believed that in these cases the larger part of it was excreted 
without having ever been absorbed from the alimentary tract. 
(e) A quantity of the juice was treated with animal charcoal and 
after seven days had lost its bitterness and color; 500 mils of this 
juice (about 2 lethal doses of untreated juice) were drenched into 
Sheep 539 without producing any effect. 
12. Toxicity experiments with dugaldin. — A number of animals were 
given doses of a solution of dugaldin in order to test the toxicity of 
that glucosid. The details of some representative cases are pub- 
lished in Table 2. 
