WESTERN SNEEZEWEED AS A POISONOUS PLANT. 21 
The marc from this extraction still contained some of the glucosid. 
It was dried and tested for toxicity. Small amounts fed to sheep 
caused nausea. Sheep 445 was force-fed small amounts of this marc 
moistened with water 3 times a day for 12 days, receiving in all 30 
doses of marc. The animal developed the characteristic spewing 
and died on the twelfth day. 
9. Nauseant substances. — (a) In order to investigate the question 
of whether the glucosid or the water-insoluble constituents of the 
plant are responsible for the spewing cases, 1,500 grams of the marc 
from number 8 was taken. This had been extracted with water to 
which it yielded part of its dugaldin, but still contained resins, 
fats, etc. It was thoroughly extracted with alcohol, which removed 
all the bitterness. The marc from this alcohol extraction was care- 
fully dried and force-fed in quantity to a sheep without producing 
any effect. The alcohol was distilled off the extract which was 
green, fatty, and bitterless, the glucosid having been decomposed 
by the heat to which it had been subjected during the distillation. 
The alcohol extract was treated with chloroform, when about 75 
per cent of it dissolved. The residue was fed to Sheep 447 and pro- 
duced no effect. The chloroform was removed from the soluble 
portion and this residue was fed to Sheep 456 without effect. 
(b) Two and one-half kilograms of the marc from number 8 was 
boiled two hours with 9 liters of (1 per cent) sodium-hydroxid solu- 
tion and the liquid portion was pressed out. The insoluble matter 
was again boiled two hours with 9 liters of water, which was pressed 
out. Both of these liquids gelated on cooling. The residue was 
boiled a third time for two hours with 9 liters of water and pressed 
out. The mixed colates were heated to boiling and acidified with 
hydrochloric acid, when a curdy, green precipitate in quantity fell. 
This was washed thoroughly and tested for toxicity. Sheep 428 
received one-fourth of it orally and showed no effect. 
(c) The marc was extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid, which 
dissolved a small quantity of inorganic matter. It was then washed, 
dried, and tested on sheep, when it was found nontoxic. 
10. Alcohol-soluble constituents. — Fifty-six and one-half pounds of 
fresh radical leaves were shredded in a meat chopper and immediately 
put into two 5-gallon cans, which were then filled up with strong 
alcohol and sealed. After two months the cans were opened. The 
material was packed in percolators and exhausted with alcohol. 
The marc from this extraction was carefully dried and tested for 
toxicity. A large part of it was fed to Sheep 541 for an extended 
period without producing any abnormal conditions. 
From the alcohol extract the glucosid was isolated, but owing 
to much decomposition only a small amount was obtained. 
