VOLUME VARIATION OF BOTTLED FOODS. 
17 
The average deviations given in Tables 4 and G afford a compari- 
son of variations in the capacities of the bottles and variations in 
volume of food after filling. The deviations are compiled in Table 7 
for comparison. 
Table 7. — Comparison of the variation in capacities of botties with the varia- 
tion in volume of the bottled food. 
Average, of 
Average of 
average 
average 
deviations 
deviations 
Capacitv 
in the ca- 
of the 
of bottle's. 
pacity of 
volume 
hand- 
of food 
blown 
in the 
bottles. 
bottle. 
Fluid oz. 
Fluid oz. 
Fluid oz. 
0.75 
0.034 
1 
0.'033 
i 
.068 
6 
."269 
8 
.16" 
.322 
12 
.15 
16 
. 155 
24 
."33" 
.279 
64 
.41 
.318 
12S 
.811 
The average deviation in the capacities of the bottles of a given 
size is approximately equal to the average- deviation of the volume 
of food contained in the bottles of that size. The fact that these 
two deviations are practically equivalent, supports the belief that 
the volume variation of bottled foods is approximately equivalent 
to the capacity variation of the bottles themselves when blown by 
hand. The calculated maximum variation apparently has about the 
same relation to the capacity of the bottle as to the volume of food 
in the bottle after it is filled. 
In view of the unfavorable circumstances under which the data 
on the volume of bottled foods have been taken and the approxi- 
mate agreement with the data on the variation in the capacity of 
bottles, the data indicate that only a small percentage of the bottled 
foods on the market should vary in quantity of contents more widely 
than the calculated maximum variations. 
RELATION BETWEEN CALCULATED MAXIMUM VARIATION AND TEMPORARY 
METHODS OF MEETING DECLARED VOLUME. 
The calculated maximum variation is not large enough to prevent 
the bottler from meeting it by the two temporary methods ordinarily 
used, namely, changing ihe height of fill or changing the declaration 
of the quantity of contents on the label. 
In the course of the investigations, capacity measurements were 
made on bottles from the base of the shoulder to the usual aim in 
filling and to the top of the bottle. It is recognized that the base 
of the shoulder i> not a definite rilling point and that measurements 
