14 
BULLETIN 1009, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
computations in Table 4 have been made according to the method out- 
lined in the preceding paragraph. 
Table 4. — Chances of occurrence of variations in the capacity of bottles larger 
than the calculated maximum variations. 
HAND-BLOWN. 
Calculated 
j maximum Average 
variation, j deviation 
Capacitv. individual I X 0.8453. 
bottles. 
*) 
r) 
i Probabil- 
itv. 
u 
Chance of 
occurrence 
ba^ed on ob- 
served data. 
Fluid oz 
1 
4 
S 
12 
24 
61 
Fluid or. 
0.10 
0.028 
.24 
.057 
.29 
.135 
.29 
.127 
.39 
.279 
1.16 
.346 
3.58 
4.21 
2.15 
2.28 
1.40 
3.36 
0.9842 
.9955 
.8530 
.8759 
.6550 
.9766 
63 
222 
7 
8 
3 
43 
MACHINE-BLOWN. 
2 
0.19 
0.010 
19.00 
.9999+ 
over 10,000 
4 
.24 
.057 
4.21 
.9955 
222 
8 
.29 
.042 
6.90 
. 9999+ 
over 10,000 
12 
.29 
.042 
6.90 
.9999+ 
over 10,000 
16 
.39 
.059 
6.62 
. 9999+ 
over 10,000 
\Yhile the chances of occurrence of the calculated maximum vari- 
ation. 1 in 7. 1 in 8, and 1 in 3, as shown for the hand-blown 8. 12. 
and 24 ounce sizes, respectively, are not very large, at least the table 
shows that they are far from even, and indicates that there is not 
an unreasonable possibility that hand blowers may meet the required 
calculated maximum variations, in a large percentage of cases. It is 
also possible that further data on other types of 8 and 12 ounce hand- 
blown bottles might reduce the chance of occurrence of the calcu- 
lated maximum variation, since these sizes include soda water and 
beer bottles, in which exceptional care as to exact weight is not 
exercised in blowing. The 24 ounce size is not exceptionally common. 
and a majority of. the other two sizes are blown by machine. 
The averages of the figures in the last column of Table 4 are 1 in 
58 for hand-blown bottles and 1 in more than 10.000 for machine- 
blown bottles. These figures show the reliability of the calculated 
maximum variations when used as limits of variation in the ca- 
pacity of bottles. In view of the relative prevalence of machine- 
blown bottles and the possibilities of exceptional care in blowing 
hand-blown bottles, the data indicate that only a small percentage 
of the bottles as they occur on the market should vary in capacity 
by more than the calculated maximum variations. 
VARIATION IX VOLUME OF BOTTLED FOODS. 
In order to determine the variation in volume of the food filled 
into the bottle. 27 bottling establishments located at various points. 
