8 BULLETIN 887, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table III. — Hymenopterous parasites reared from the pear borer, Aegeria pyri Harris. 
Quaint' 
ance 
Series 
No. 
Name. 
Locality. 
Year. 
Determined by- 
9402 
9407 
9429 
9431 
9468 
9499 
9531 
9539 
Microbracon sp 
Phaeogenes ater Cress 
Lissonota n. sp 
Iloplectis annulipes (Brulle). 
Macrocentrus n. sp 
Ephialtes aequalis (Prov.). . . 
Tetra-stichus sp 
Ephialtes aequalis (Prov.). . . 
Gadsien, Ala 
Love Station, Miss — 
French Creek, W. Va. 
....do 
....do 
....do 
....do 
Quincy, Pa 
1915 
1915 
1915 
1915 
1917 
1918 
1919 
1919 
R. A. Cushman. 
S. A. Rohwer. 
R. A. Cushman. 
Do. 
S. A. Rohwer. 
Do. 
A. B. Gahan. 
R. A. Cushman. 
METHODS OF CONTROL. 
The borers of this species work so near the surface that they can 
usually be removed with a sharp kniie without difficulty and without 
much injury to the tree. It is not always easy to locate their bur- 
rows, but as a rule exuding frass and often a spot of moisture on the 
bark show where the insects are working. The rough places on the 
bark where groups of borers feed continuously can be pared away 
with a knife, the borers removed, and then the surface covered with 
coal-tar creosote tree paint or white-lead paint. Such a coat of paint is 
not only beneficial in protecting the wounds from air and moisture, but 
to some degree it prevents reinf estation by the insects. In one case in 
a badly infested apple orchard, in the State of Mississippi, several 
applications of a heavy paint to the rough areas where the borers 
were congregated served almost entirely to rid the trees, for a few 
years at least, of these insects. It was found also that applications 
of viscous material, such as is used on sticky fly paper, made in the 
summer to these rough places, entangled many of the moths when 
they visited the places to lay their eggs. 
The shallow burrows of this species make it possible to kill many 
of the borers by applications to the bark of penetrating oily or poison- 
ous liquids. Kerosene emulsion and the standard emulsified oil 
sprays, with small quantities of sodium arsenate added, when applied 
to the bark over the burrows killed as high as 85 per cent of the 
borers. Nicotine sulphate washes were less effective, but some of the 
coal-tar products killed over 90 per cent of the borers without per- 
ceptible injury to the bark. The heavy oil materials, however, should 
always be used with caution until assurance is obtained of their non- 
injurious effects upon the trees. 
WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 
