UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 571 
Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology 
L. O. HOWARD, Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
December 15, 1917 
THE PECAN LEAF CASE-BEARER. 1 
By John B. Gill, Entomological Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Introduction 1 
History - 2 
Synonymy 3 
Distribution 3 
Food plants 4 
Character of injury 5 
Description 6 
Seasonal history and habits 8 
Natural enemies 14 
f Methods of control 15 
Dipping and spraying tests for the de- 
struction of larvae in hibernation 15 
Page. 
Methods of control — Continued. 
Spraying experiments for the destruction 
of larvae in hibernation 16 
Spraying experiments against overwin- 
tered larvae 18 
Spraying experiments against larvos in 
the summer 19 
Fumigation experiments against hiber- 
nating larvae 23 
Summary 25 
Recommendations for control 26 
Literature cited 27 
INTRODUCTION. 
Because of the increasing importance of the pecan industry the 
Bureau of Entomology in 1913 established a field station at Mon- 
ticello, Fla., for the purpose of studying pecan insects under the most 
advantageous conditions. The writer was placed in charge of the 
investigations, under the direction of Dr. A. L. Quaintance. In the 
spring of 1914 Mr. A. I. Fabis was detailed to assist in the work of 
this station. Extensive investigations, covering a period of nearly 
four years, have shown the value of certain repressive measures for 
the control of some of the more injurious pecan insects and have 
resulted in the compilation of considerable data on their life histories 
and natural enemies. One of the principal insect pests with which 
the pecan grower has to contend is the pecan leaf case-bearer (Acro- 
hasis nebulella Riley). The present publication is intended to give the 
information now available concerning the life history and control 
of this insect. 
The writer wishes to thank the various pecan growers who have 
rendered assistance in this work. 
1 Acrobasis nebulella Riley; order Lepidoptera, family Pyralidae. 
102524°— 17— Bull. 571—1 
