2 BULLETIN 571, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
HISTORY. 
The pecan leaf case-bearer (Acrobasis nebulella) was first described 
by Riley in 1872 (l), 1 under the name PJiycita (Acrobasis) nebulo 
Walsh var. nebulella, from a single specimen reared from wild crab 
(Crataegus sp.). In 1887 Ragonot (2) described this insect as a 
"new species/' naming it Acrobasis pallioleUa, and in the following 
year Hulst (3) also described it as "new to science," under the name 
Acrobasis albocapitella. In 1890, in Hoist's article on "The Phyci- 
tidae of North America" (4), albocapitella Hulst is listed as a synonym 
of pallioleUa Rag., and Riley's original description of this insect is 
given under the name Mineola indiginella ZelL, var. nebulella. 
Ragonot (5), in 1893, in his "Monographic des Phycitinae et des Gal- 
leriinae," treated Riley's nebulella as a variety of Acrobasis indiginella 
ZelL, and Acrobasis paUiolella as a distinct species, giving albocapi- 
tella Hulst as a synonym. The same classification is given in Dyar's 
"List of North American Lepidoptera" (7), except that the species 
indiginella is placed in the genus Mineola. In Florida, in 1901, 
Gossard, then State entomologist (6), mentioned injury to pecans by 
Mineola juglandis and Acrobasis caryae, but the writer is of the 
opinion that some of this injury, if not all, should have been attributed 
to the pecan leaf case-bearer (Acrobasis nebulella Riley). In 1902 
Gossard (8) again made brief mention of what was undoubtedly this. 
species under the name "pecan bud-worm." Fiske (9), in 1902, 
under the caption "Notes on certain injurious insects in Georgia," 
gave life-history notes and suggested remedies for the pecan leaf- 
crumpler, which was presumably the insect discussed in this publica- 
tion. The following year (1903) Chittenden (10) reported damage 
to pecan buds in Georgia by this species, and Herrick (11), in 1904, 
referring to Chittenden's report of injury in Georgia during 1902, 
gave notes on Acrobasis sp. It would appear that the life-history 
notes given in Herrick's article pertain to the pecan bud-moth 
(Proteopteryx bolliana Sling.) and not to the pecan leaf case-bearer. 
In 1905 Gossard (12), still the Florida State entomologist, gave an 
extended account of this insect, but unfortunately confused some of 
his notes and photographs on this species with those of the pecan 
bud-moth. In 1909 Herrick (14) published a bulletin on this species, 
giving remedies and incomplete life-history notes, as based on its 
occurrence in Texas. During the same year (1909) Dyar (13), under 
the caption "Notes on the species of Acrobasis, with descriptions of 
new ones," gave notes on both A. pallioleUa Rag. and A. nebulella 
Riley, stating that he "expects it will be found that pallioleUa is not 
more than a variety of nebulella Riley." 
TTorsham (15), in 1910, made a brief mention of this species as an 
important pest of pecan in Georgia, and in the following year (1911) 
1 Reference is made by number to "Literature cited," p. 27. 
