THE PECAN LEAF CASE-BEAREB, 7 
about one-half the length of the anal pair. The pedal end of each 
proleg is armed with two concentric ridges of minute claws or hooks. 
The thoracic legs are brownish, with a tinge of olive green, and each 
terminates in a single claw. (PL I, fig. 2.) 
THE LARVAL CASES. 
When first hatched the larva begins to feed upon the leaf surface 
about the egg. Soon after it constructs a brownish case out of 
excrementitious grains and a lining of grayish-white silken threads. 
The base of the summer case, as is shown in Plate I, figure 5, is 
invariably placed near the midrib. The case is enlarged by building 
away from the midrib in whatever direction the larva may chance to 
feed, and as the larva extends its feeding pasture in one direction and 
then in another the case soon assumes a very tortuous course. 
Throughout its entire length the case is securely attached to the 
under surface of the leaflet. It is composed of a rather flimsy 
texture of silken threads and pieces of excrement or frass, w\th the 
larger end open, and under this protection the larva extends its 
feeding area unnoticed. While the larva confines its attacks to the 
underside of the leaf, the upper surface becomes deadened and 
presents a brown patch, which becomes disintegrated, due to the 
effects of the weather. (PL III, fig. 2.) 
In the autumn, before the foliage begins to drop, the larvae migrate 
to the buds, where they construct very small, oval, brown cases 
(hibernacula) , measuring about 1 mm. (0.039 inch) in diameter, in 
which they pass the winter. (PL II, fig. 1.) These brown cases 
are lined smoothly with whitish silken threads, and are covered with 
excrementitious particles and bits of bark and bud scales which ren- 
der them rather difficult of detection upon superficial examination. 
The cases of the matured larvae as they appear in the spring are 
made of particles of frass, or grains of excrement, which are very 
closely woven together by means of fine silken threads, and are lined 
inside with a smooth surface of grayish-white silk. (PL II, fig. 2.) 
The finished case averages about 18 mm. (0.70 inch) in length, 
and is slightly enlarged in the middle. It is always attached to the 
petiole of the leaf by means of a foot stalk of grayish-white silk. 
The larva, as a rule, draws down and fastens two or more leaflets 
about its case, usually feeding upon the tips of these leaflets from this 
shelter. At first the case is rather loosely woven and slightly curved, 
but before the larva reaches maturity the case becomes straight with 
the unattached end larger than the attached one. The completed 
case, which is of a brownish-gray color, is so compactly constructed 
and tough that it can be torn only with great difficulty. Just before 
the larva pupates it seals the distal end of the case with a rather 
flimsy layer of silk. 
