THE PUPA. 
The pupa (PL I, fig. 3) is of the usual form and without conspicuous 
markings. When first formed it is of a dark-brown color, with a 
tinge of olive green, but with age it changes to deep shiny mahogany 
brown. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is finely punctate. The 
average size of five individuals was found to be 8.1 mm. (0.318 inch) 
by 2.26 mm. (0.088 inch). The pupa is formed within the case, and 
the pupal skin is not extended upon emergence of the moth. 
THE ADULT OR MOTH. 
The pecan leaf case-bearer was first characterized and named in 
1872 by Riley (1) as Phycita (Acrobasis) nebulo Walsh variety nebu- 
lella. The original description is as follows : 
I have bred a single specimen from wild crab {Crataegus) which differs in some es- 
sential features from the normal form, but which nevertheless can only be considered a 
variety of it, as I observed no larval differences. It differs in the more uniform and 
subdued tone of the front wings, the markings being more suffused and indistinct; 
but principally in the relative narrowness of the space outside the transverse posterior 
line, the greater consequent width of the middle area, and smallness of the triangular 
brown spot — the space it occupies on the inner margin being scarcely one-half as 
wide as that between it and the transverse posterior line. The discal spots are also 
separated. Described from one good specimen. 
A less technical description of the moth is as follows : 
The moths measure from 14 to 18 mm. (0.55 to 0.70 inch) across the expanded 
wings, and they present a wide variation in color. The head, palpi, thorax, base of 
forewings and legs are distinctly snow-white in the specimens of males, while in the 
females these parts are more or less dusky gray. The abdomen is more or less white, 
washed with fuscous. The outer two-thirds of the forewings are gray with blackish 
patches, or spots, which vary to some extent. The discal spots are invariably sepa- 
rate and distinct. Not far from the base of the forewings is a reddish-brown stain, 
which is very faintly evident in some of the lighter colored forms. The hind wings 
are ashen gray and darker toward the outer margin. (PI. I, fig. 4.) 
SEASONAL HISTORY AND HABITS. 
The seasonal-history records were obtained at Monticello, Fla., 
during 1913, 1914, and 1915 in an open-air insect ary, in which glass 
jars were used as rearing cages. In all rearing work pertaining to 
life-history studies pecan foliage was employed. 
THE ADULT AND EGG STAGES. 
The time of emergence. — From material under observation during 
the season of 1913 it was determined that moths emerged from May 
9 to July 12, inclusive. The cages, upon which the general emergence 
records are based, were examined daily. The dates of issuance of 
269 individuals are shown in the following table: 
