| UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Contribution from the Bureau of Chemistry 
CARL L. ALSBERG, Chief 
Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER November 3, 1917 
MAPLE SUGAR: COMPOSITION, METHODS OF 
ANALYSIS, EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT. 
By A. Hucu Bryan, formerly Chief, Sugar Laboratory, in collaboration with M. N. 
Srrauen, C. G. CHurcH, A. Given, and S. F. SHERWOOD, Assistant Chemists. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. Page. 
PEEL OOLICLION = =e ators eee cote eas wane cae 1 | Effect of environment on the composition of 
GHNIGIONS Heenan tee eee bak oe os Dea a 1 mapleistigariecoss =. fhhied ss ee. aE 36 
Severo) biel AS Set Aeon Sa eeeene A Gs aoe Bele 3 | Changes in composition and color from sap 
Mothodsiolanalysis-2- 22 5..2s 2252-20 5--5- a2 3 SITU CO'SULALSIPUP. ceca score ace seo 38 
aesulis ofdinalysis-e 1. 22 sek oss. cke es 12 | Moisture in maple sugar....................- 39 
Discussion of results...........--..---------- 27 | Maple cream, honey, and wax..............-. 41 
Canadian maple sugars...............---..-- Bora|) CONCLUSIONS) Se. c eet sec Sais sae oo aac eae 42 
INTRODUCTION. 
A previous publication! of the Bureau of Chemistry dealing with 
the manufacture of maple-sap sirup gives the distinguishing features 
of sap sirup and sugar sirup, as well as the results of the chemical 
examination of 481 samples of sap sirups. The present bulletin deals 
with the methods of analysis and the composition of maple sugars 
examined in the former Sugar Laboratory of the Bureau of Chemistry 
in connection with the previous report and of samples collected during 
the seasons 1910, 1911, and 1912. Itis believed that this report may 
be useful to food chemists who are called upon to examine maple 
products. 
DEFINITIONS. 
As maple sirup is the sap of the live maple tree concentrated to a 
standard density, with or without the addition of the usual clarifying 
agents, maple sugar is the solid product resulting from the further 
concentration of the sirup or of the sap, with or without the addition of 
clarifiers, and without the loss of any of its constituents other than 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem. Bul. 134. 
61390°—Bull. 466—17——1 
