14 
BULLETIN 678, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
of the year hauling manure. Very little is hauled more than 8 
miles out. Of course some is shipped out beyond this distance on 
railroads and trolley lines. No doubt the availability of manure at a 
reasonable price is one of the limiting factors in profitable truck 
farming in the vicinity of the city. 
Truck farmers customarily put the manure in large piles to rot. 
It is then hauled in small two-wheeled carts and scattered wherever it 
is wanted. 
Table X illustrates the effect of land value and nearness to the 
city on the use of manure and commercial fertilizer. Besides these 
fertilizers, a considerable amount of green stuff, such as rye, clover, 
and kale, is turned under. These products are not included in the 
total cost of fertilizer. This table shows that the use of commercial 
fertilizer here is not as important a factor as in many other trucking 
sections. The land here, as a rule, is naturally fertile, and, as is 
evident, manure available in the city largely takes the place of com- 
mercial fertilizer. 
Table X. — The effect of land value and nearness to city on the use of manure and com- 
mercial fertilizer. 
Value of land per 
acre. 
Number of 
records. 
Distance to 
Louisville. 
Size of 
farm. 
Rent per 
crop acre. 
Value of farm manure a and com- 
mercial fertilizer per crop acre. 
Barn 
manure. 
Commer- i 
cia ]fer- | Total, 
tilizer. 
1 
Less than $80 
$80 to $150 
23 
34 
22 
21 
Miles. 
16 
13 
12 
8 
Acres. 
284 
250 
188 
95 
$5.50 
6.60 
8.75 
15.00 
$3.75 
4.50 
4.60 
18.00 
$0.60 $4.35 
.70 5.20 
$151 to $200 
1.90 6 50 
Over $200 
1.25 ' 19.25 
All farms 
100 12 212 
8.60 
7.35 
.90 8.25 
a The average value of manure is here estimated to be about $2 per ton load laid down on the farm. 
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TYPES OF FARMS. 
In the foregoing study of the influence of the city on farming, it 
is shown how there is a tendency for these farms to be smaller and 
more intensive near the city, while the farms 15 to 20 miles out are 
larger and raise general crops — corn, wheat, rye, bluegrass — and 
keep various kinds of live stock, such as beef cattle, dairy cows, sheep, 
and hogs. These enterprises are the sources of farm receipts, usually 
pretty well balanced between crops and live stock. Such farms may 
be classified as the " general mixed type." If dairying becomes a 
dominant enterprise, with 40 per cent or more of receipts from milk 
or milk products, the farm may be classified as a dairy farm. If 40 
per cent or more of the receipts come from potatoes alone, the farm 
may be called a potato farm; if from potatoes and truck, a potato- 
truck farm. 
