UTILIZATION OF ASH. (Ur: 
i. Pores in the summerwood more or less united in lines. 
a. The lines short and broken, occurring mostly near the ° 
IDFA CONTE of ) VES aT ETN cs pg DE a Ses ee White ash. 
6. The lines quite long and conspicuou. in most parts of 
(ELENGS. SUTTON OY Sw COLO ee er DS ST ee Green ash 
2. Pores in the Ssummerwood not united into lines, or rarely so. 
a@. Heartwood reddish brown, and very firm_______________- Red ash 
b. Heartwood grayish brown and much more porous________ Black ash 
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES.! 
Table 10 gives the results of a large number of tests to determine 
the mechanical properties of different species of eastern ash from 
different parts of the country, and Table 11 gives a summary of them 
in general terms and in order of the relative strength of the different 
lots tested. Strength? is the most important property and therefore 
the factors which influence it are considered at length. 
Specific gravity or weight.—The ashes follow the general law of 
timber in regard to the relations of mechanical properties and 
weight; 1. e., all the mechanical properties increase in force as the 
specific gravity of the wood increases. This is not, however, always 
a straight line relation. 
1By J. A. Newlin, of the Forest Products Laboratory. 
2 Bending strength and crushing strength, such as are important in beams and posts. 
74365°—Bull. 523—17 3 
