28 BULLETIN 523, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE 12.—Use of ash by secondary wood-using industries in the United States, 
ij 
Quantity used annually.) 4 verage 
Total cost 
Use. Saree Soe wanes f.o. b. 
1 J factory. 
Feet b.m. | Percent.| feet. | a: 
(iy Handles: ete eee een eee ee 64,156,872] 21.72] $29.88 | $1, 917,033.40 
(2) Dairy eSunpues (chiefly butter tub staves and SG oak Son oa 
NGAGE ee ee Sse ee yess oe ee cia _ 60, 285, hah 25.43 | 1,532,876.00 . 
(3) Vehicles and vehicle parts..............----------- 43,974,668| 14.88] 42.77] 1, 880,588.30 
(4) pce reteer roducts, sash, doors, and blinds, gs che = 
and senerab mill works sc! ce eke ae eee 21, 304, 374 21 31.39 668, 716. 25 
(5) Refrigerators and kitchen cabinets........---..--- 19, 066, 380 6 45| 29.41 560, 812. 31 
(6) (ar CORSLEUCIION sm one ee i ee 18, 163, 43: 15 49. 83 905, 158. 00 - 
Gi) Aun Gure 28 Se beeen ee soos sSoceasssagsas 15, 668, 588: 5. 30 7.21 - 426, 270. 56 
(8) eam implements 2656. 2 eA! Pee 10, 677, 400 3. 61 40. 05 427, 638. 00 
(9) Boxes mnd Cracesa. 62 8 ee eee cence 10, 507, 308 3. 56 14.40 | : 151, 257.53 
(10) Ship and boat building (chiefly boat oars).......-- 7, 985, 554 2.70 29. 26 233, 621. 41 
(il) Sporting and athletic s00dSs - S226 --- Nossa. ee 3, 180, 000 1.08 34. 68 110, 293. 00 
(19) Pixcures oe ee cate ee Ee ee eee ee eee 2, 783, 822 94 37.16 103, 446. 00 
(13) chais and chair stele See eases eines Oone te asa 2, ie. oP 94 27.19 75, 190. 50 
(14 Sirmments musicals 2 ee ee eee en ees 2,377, 332 81 53.17 126, 399. 00 
(15) Woodenware and novelties...............-.-----+- 2) 350, 000 180] 28.83 67. 750. 50 
(16) Saddles and harness (chiefly harness)--.........-.-- 2, 103, 000 S7fl 35.18 73, 992. 00 
(i) Machine cons truChion = 7 eee nen. eee a 1, 404, 362 . 48 44.34 62, 262. 66 
ao peatys GMOStlyiSUCKCE TOUS) stereos eee n ee eee ot si S oH 7 aS Be 935. 00 
w) AMOS Se Se ecg kgdb AAS She doh os SoccbessHedeo tse 95 3 ~~ 29,740. 00 
Day Panes <8, Seok eae ey ees PLT 866, 000 129} 32.56 28,194.00 
(21) Pini bers, woodwork.......- 536, 000 18 24.99 13, 395. 00 
(2pVRritks.. 6 ia eee 534, 435 .18] 34.66 18, 521.00 
(23) Pulleys and conveyors......... 512, 100 L17|.. 28679 14) 745. 00 
(24) Picker sticks ane bobbins =: .=.-2: 437, 000 15 26. 66 11, 650. 00 
(25) Printing materiale «2. Se cee ances a eae 391, 000 .13 23.17 9, 061. 00 
(26) Frames and molding, picture 281, 845 -10 37.13 10, 464. 00 
(27) Carpet sweepers (probably for handles).......-....- 236, 394 - 08 16.10 3, 816. 00 
(28) “Equipment, playsround +2 — 2.2.2 +. 02-2. eS sceee 180, 000 - 06 31.19 5, 615. 00 
(29) Rollers shade and amape. 2c --- ce ee sei eee 161, 150 . 06 22. 81 3, 676. 00 
(BO) stilevelors sie eee es ose ee eee ee eee 145, 700 e205 68. 68 10, 007. 00 
(31) eye professional and scientific (inciuding _ 
litters) -eiCass ect Gav sk Ie Ee 123, 600 . 04 61. 93 7, 654. 
(92) Eaumdry appliantes. =. 0. 2 111, 500 04 23. 68 2, 640. 90 
(33) Machinery and apparatus, electric..........-.-.-.. 87, 000 . 03 49. 20 4, 280. 00 
(64). Mane equipment ae. ses. ee eee ee ee 43, 425 01 22. O1 956. 00 
(35) Brushes ss sc) sea nae oe ee bee eae 36, 400 .O1 41.54 1, 512.00 
(seyoRatteras aud asks hen Uhre. Geis ales ee 35, 000 ‘01 37. 86 1,325. 00 
(37) WINDS, canes and umbrella Sticks_2: 3222 322 oc see 30, 000 SO 60. 00 1, 800. 00 
(38) (Dowelse. 22 ses seen eee eee ee RoasbSsdSe- 29, 000 -O1 25. 34 735. 00 
(a9)'CasketSand coffins). .s.8 oi Cee 20, 000 01} 54.00 1, 080. 00 
(40) Bulcher plocksiand Skewers essere eee eee 20, 000 01 | 60. 00 1, 200. 00 
(44); Acroplanes®: 52223) /siie UAB ee eee 1220004) ° 40) =| = eal Be 776. 00 
(2joW cig hing apparatusi.. 2 ila eee eae 2 ee 5, 900 (a 89866 234. 00 
(43) eGates and fencing O55. 5 cee eee ae a 700 (4) 18. 57 13. 00 
Potalsee tie AOE. Sr hare 295, 461, 482 | 100. 00 | 32.24 | 9,525, 329. 42 
1 Less than one one-hundredth of 1 per cent. 
HANDLES. 
Certain classes of handles are almost exclusively made out of ash, 
such as “D” handles for spades and shovels of all kinds and long 
handles for forks, hoes, rakes, and long shovels. Ash is also used 
somewhat for handles for cant hooks and grubbing hoes. Odds and 
ends are often used for small tool, whip, broom, ax and pickax, 
carpet, and vacuum sweeper handles. It is practically the only wood 
used for snaths for scythes and cradles. The qualities which make 
ash especially suitable for handles are straightness of grain, a high 
degree of stiffness and strength perpendicular to the grain, suitable 
weight and hardness, and capacity to wear smooth in use. Rapid- 
erowing second-growth white and green ash, which yield the 
strongest and stiffest wood, are the best and the most often used. 
Tee ee Oe eee 
