UTILIZATION OF ASH. 35 
MACHINE CONSTRUCTION. 
Ash is suitable for frames in machine construction and machine 
parts because it is a strong, tough, dependable wood, and is straight- 
grained and easily worked. Considerable ash of upper grades is 
used. The price paid averages about $45 per 1,000 board feet, de- 
livered at the factory. White ash is used most. Two-thirds of the 
total amount of ash in this industry is used in Illinois, and a quarter 
of it in New York and Wisconsin. 
PUMPS. 
The chief use for ash in pumps is for sucker rods, for which it is 
adaptable because its straight grain and workableness make possi- 
ble the cutting out of strong rods of small diameters. Considerable 
black ash is used. Tennessee uses over half of the total. The price 
paid is low—from $14 to $25 per 1,000 board feet—because fac- 
tories are located near the source of supply and buy material in 
the log. 
TOYS. 
Ash is of considerable importance in the toy-making industry in 
New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The average price paid 
for the ash lumber used is about $33. Old-growth ash, especially 
black ash, will usually best fulfill the requirements, as it holds glue 
better than second-growth and is not so likely to warp. 
TANKS, SILOS, AND WINDMILL PARTS. 
White ash is used to a minor extent for tanks, silos, and windwill 
parts in New York, Illinois, and Wisconsin. In New York it is 
low-grade material for tanks and silos; in Illinois and Wisconsin 
it is high-priced ash for windmill parts. The average price for ash 
in this industry is about $33. 
PLUMBERS’ WOODWORK. 
Ash is used for plumbers’ woodwork in Vermont, Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, and Illinois. Drainboards, connected with sinks, are often 
made of ash, as it is exceedingly well adapted for this use. The 
average price paid for lumber used in this industry is about aes per 
1,000 board feet. 
TRUNKS. 
Ash is a desirable wood for trunks, although only a small amount 
of it is used in proportion to some other species. The greater part 
of a trunk is usually made out of some lighter wood, such as bass- 
wood. Ash is suitable for bottoms, corners, tops, and slats. The 
price paid averages about $35 per 1,000 board feet. 
