ACCOUNTS FOR PRIMARY GRAIN ELEVATORS. 13 
checks drawn during the month. The " general ledger" and " ac- 
counts receivable" columns serve the same purposes on the credit 
as were explained on the debit side. 
LOCAL SALES OF MERCHANDISE AND GRAIN. 
As all the sale tickets are numbered consecutively, their numbers are 
listed in the " sales ticket number" column, and the merchandise in 
pounds and amount is entered in the proper column to the credit of the 
account to which it belongs, such as "hard coal, " "soft coal, " "flour," 
etc. These columns are totaled at the end of the month and the 
totals only are posted to the accounts in the general ledger. Only the 
items which are posted from the general ledger, accounts receivable 
ledger, and the miscellaneous columns are listed in detail, all other 
columns, both debit and credit, being posted as totals. At the be- 
ginning of the month the first entry to be made on this form is ' ' cash 
balance," and this should be set down in the "bank deposits" column 
as an amount carried forward. Because of the fact that every debit 
has a corresponding credit, the two sides of this form should always 
be in balance, but the fact that we have carried forward the cash bal- 
ance, which appears on one side only, must be taken into considera- 
tion. In . order that the form should foot and prove correctly, it 
should always be out of balance by the exact amount of the cash 
entry at the beginning of the month. 
THE LEDGER. 
The ledger should be divided into two general divisions — one car 
rying general accounts and the other accounts receivable — and may be 
designated under the headings "General ledger" and "Accounts re- 
ceivable ledger." In the general ledger will be found such accounts 
as: (1) Cash, which is the monthly balance as shown by the cashbook; 
(2) "accounts receivable control" account, to which are posted debit 
and credit totals in the "accounts receivable" columns in the cash, 
journal, purchase, and sales record, the individual items having been 
posted previously to the accounts receivable ledger. This account 
serves as a proof of the correctness of such individual postings. 
(3) Bills receivable, including all promissory notes, time notes, bills 
of exchange, or acceptances receivable. 
It has been the practice in some elevator accounting systems to 
show a subdivision of expense in the journal, but the small number 
of items of this character is much better taken care of through a 
subdivision of the ledger accounts. An ordinary ledger page may 
be ruled by the bookkeeper into seven or eight columns, and, as 
entries to expense in most cases are debit items, no credit columns 
need be provided. When credits occur they should be posted in red 
ink and deducted in the addition of the items in the column. The 
