4 BULLETIN 66, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
exceeded only by British India. This large home production fur- 
nishes a little more than one-half of the home supply, the rest being 
brought from abroad. The United States leads all countries as an 
importer of sugar (Table 28). 
Somewhat more than one-half of the " world" output of sugar is 
made from cane. According to Table 30, the proportion of cane 
sugar increased from 50.8 per cent of the total in the five years 
ending with 1905-6, to 53.3 per cent in the next five-year period. 
Measured in short tons, the cane-sugar product of the world increased 
from a yearly average of 7,200,000 tons in the first five-year period to 
8,800,000 in the second; while beet sugar increased from 7,000,000 
tons in the first to 7,700,000 in the second period shown in Table 30. 
Of the leading countries of production, Cuba, Dutch East Indies 
(chiefly Java), and Germany are leaders in the export sugar trade of 
the world. 
Table 1. — Production of sugar in the United States and its insular possessions, 1881- 
1912} 
Year of cane or beet 
harvest. 
Beet. 
Chiefly 
refined. 
Contig- 
uous 
United 
States. 
Cane. 
Raw (as coming from factories). 
Contig- 
uous 
United 
States. 2 
Hawaii. 
Porto 
Rico. 
Philip- 
pine 
Islands 
(ex- 
ports). 
Total 
raw cane. 
Total 
cane in 
terms of 
refined. 5 
Total 
beet and 
raw cane 
Total 
beet and 
cane in 
terms of 
refined. 3 
Average: 
1881-1885 
1886-1890 
1891-1895 
1896-1900 
1901-1905 
1906-1910 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1904 (census) 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1909 (census) 
1910 
1911 
1912 
Short 
tons. 
692 
1,922 
19, 406 
58,286 
239, 730 
479, 153 
Short 
tons. 
132, 148 
171,488 
275, 289 
286, 805 
364, 179 
362,: 
Short 
tons. 
76,075 
125, 440 
162, 538 
282,585 
403,308 
516,041 
Short 
tons. 
87,441 
70, 112 
63,280 
61, 292 
141,478 
282, 136 
Short 
tons. 
189,277 
186, 129 
286, 629 
134, 722 
108, 978 
145,832 
Short 
tons. 
484, 941 
553, 169 
787, 736 
765, 404 
1,017,943 
1,306,217 
Short 
tons. 
436,447 
497, 852 
708,962 
688, 864 
916, 149 
1, 175, 596 
Short 
tons. 
485,633 
555, 091 
807, 142 
823, 690 
1,257,673 
1,785,370 
Short 
tons. 
437, 139 
499, 774 
728,368 
747, 150 
1,155,879 
1,654,749 
184, 606 
218, 406 
240, 604 
242, 113 
253,921 
312,920 
483,612 
463, 628 
425,884 
512, 469 
501,682 
510, 172 
599, 500 
692,556 
364, 325 
372,903 
278, 070 
414,' 
355, 611 
437, 991 
367, 475 
426,248 
103, 152 
100, 576 
138, 096 
151,088 
75,011 
123, 108 
82,855 
125,271 
898, 099 
1.034,578 
' 866, 496 
1,117,602 
808,289 
931, 120 
779, 846 
1,005,842 
1,082,705 
1,252,984 
1, 107, 100 
1,359,715 
992,895 
1,149,526 
1, 020, 450 
1,247,955 
390. 602 
272', 160 
394, 240 
414,400 
375, 200 
334, 202 
355,040 
360, 874 
162,574 
429, 213 
440, 017 
521, 123 
535, 156 
517, 090 
566, 821 
595,038 
546, 524 
214,480 
206,864 
230, 095 
277,093 
346, 786 
349,840 
371,076 
138, 645 
132, 602 
167,242 
123,876 
140, 783 
1, 172, 940 
1,051,643 
1,312,700 
1,350,525 
1,379,859 
1,055,646 
946, 479 
1, 181, 430 
1,215,473 
1,241,873 
1,485,860 
1, 535, 255 
1,776,328 
1,776,409 
1,892,328 
1,368,566 
1,430,091 
1,645,058 
1,641,357 
1,754.342 
164,658 
205,046 
1,436,359 
1,532,034 
1, 292, 723 
1,378,831 
1,946,531 
2,131,534 
1,802,895 
1,978,331 
1 Sources of data for contiguous United States for individual vears: Cane sugar, 1881-1903 from Bouchereau; 
1904-1906 from Bouchereau (for Louisiana) and Willett & GraV (for Texas): 1906-1910 from Willett & Gray: 
1911 and 1912 from U. S. Department of Agriculture (for Louisiana) and Willett & Gray (for Texas). Beet 
sugar, 1897, 1901-1912, from U. S. Department of Agriculture; for other vears from Willett & Gray. Hawaii: 
1881-1S84 from Rueb & Co.; 188.5-1900 from Willett & Grav; 1901-1910 from Hawaiian Sugar Planters' 
Association; 1911 and 1912, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Porto Rico: 1881-1884 from Rueb & Co.; 
1885-1889 from Willett & Gray; figures for 1900-1906 represent shipments from Porto Rico to the United 
States; 1907 and subsequent years (crops) from Treasury Department of Porto Rico. Philippine Islands 
(exports): 1894-1898 from Willett & Gray; other years from official sources. 
2 The term "contiguous" applies to the United States proper, and excludes all outlying possessions. 
3 Raw sugar reduced to terms of refined by assuming 90 pounds of refined to be the product of 100 pounds 
of raw. 
