34 BULLETIN 462, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
patches used for the cultivation of winter garden crops. A consider- 
able acreage so irrigated is located in Lake and Orange Counties, the 
largest part of it being near the towns, such as Orlando and Lees- 
burg. There are about 200 acres under the overhead-pipe system 
along the Florida East Coast Eailroad, principally near Miami. 
Some tobacco was irrigated by this system in Gadsden County in 
the north, a small area at Bropkville in Hernando County, and at 
Dade City, in Pasco County. 
Several other sprinkling systems are attracting considerable atten- 
tion. The method of distribution for all of these is practically the 
same, however. It consists in placing nozzles upon upright pipes and 
distributing the water in a circular area, the nozzle being the center 
of the circle. If a field is to be watered, a number of nozzles are 
placed over the field so that when all are in operation the whole area 
will be watered simultaneously. 
A large variety of nozzles are used for the distribution of water 
from these upright pipes. Most of these are patented and bear the 
names of the inventors. Probably the first to be put into operation 
were those which have no revolving parts. (PL IV, fig. 2, Xos. 4 and 5.) 
Another nozzle has been in use for several years. (PI. IY, fig. 2, 
No. 2.) There are several variations of this nozzle. The distri- 
bution is effected by a revolving part which whirls very rapidly 
and throws the water in all directions. The water falls in large drops. 
Other nozzles recently have become well known. (PI. IY, fig. 2, 
Xos. 1 and 3.) These also distribute the water by means of revolving 
parts, but on a different principle from that of the ones described. 
The water is distributed through hollow, adjustable arms of small 
brass tubing, revolving about a central axis. The action of the noz- 
zles is adjustable. Both the nozzles are operated by the force of 
escaping water ; in the former the water strikes against the revolving 
part, and in the latter the force comes from the recoil of the water 
in a bent tube. Most of the well-known lawn sprinklers having long 
revolving arms are operated on the latter principle. The irrigation 
nozzles differ from the lawn sprinklers in that wider distribution 
is attempted, the size of the nozzle being kept as small as possible. 
All the nozzles described are small and may be covered easily by the 
hand. (See PI. IY, fig. 2.) 
Some attempts have been made to adjust pipe lines bearing nozzles 
so that a long length of pipe can either be revolved about a vertical 
axis or carried on wheels from one end of the field to the other. Both 
of these methods have been operated successfully at Bushnell, but 
their use is too recent to prove their lasting qualities. 
The largest acreage irrigated by means of the stationary or re- 
volving nozzles is on the east coast around Miami. Several hundred 
acres here are so irrigated. These types are also installed on 200 
