THE SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, OR BUDWORM. 9 
as to enable him, two clays later, to collect nearly 600 for experi- 
mentation. It was simply impossible that these could belong to the 
first generation, as he had frequently observed adults feeding on 
wheat in the fields in April and early May. One beetle was observed 
eating out the opening buds of a cherry tree, April 17, 1888. Be- 
sides, adults were secured in early August from these larvae found 
attacking corn in July. Other adults were observed in the same 
locality feeding on volunteer oats, December 14, 1888. Clearly there 
are two generations in the latitude of northern Indiana. 
Prof. Quaint ance, 1 in central Georgia, found that in one case the 
period from egg to adult extended from March 14 to May 21, a total 
of 68 days. In another case this period extended only from April 
25 to June 5, or 41 days. Mr. Kelly, at Wellington, Kans., found 
that the period from egg to adult was 40 to 45 days, while 
Mr. Vickery, at Salisbury, in western North Carolina, found that 
this period extended from August 27 or 29 to October 24, or about 
58 days. 
From all available information it appears that the egg period 
varies greatly and may require from 7 to 24 days, the larval period 
from 15 to 35 clays, and that of the pupa from 7 to 13 days. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
The Biological Survey has found Diabrotica 12-punctata in stom- 
achs of the following 24 species of birds: Bobwhite, Colinus vir- 
ginianus (found in 15 stomachs, one of which contained 12) ; scaled 
quail, Callipepla squamata; California quail, Lophortyx californi- 
cus; prairie chicken, Tympanuchus americanus ; wild turkey, Mele- 
agris gallopavo; yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius; red- 
headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus ; nighthawk, Glior- 
deiles virginianus; scissor-tailed flycatcher, Muscivora forficata; 
kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannies; phcebe, Sayornis phcehe; wood pewee, 
Myiochanes virens; western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis; Acadian 
flycatcher, Empidonax virescens; Traill's flycatcher, Empidonax 
tvailli; least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus; red-winged blackbird, 
Agelaius phoeniceus ; meadowlark, SturneUa magna; Bullock's oriole, 
Icterus bidlocki; cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis ; rose-breasted gros- 
beak, Zamelodia ludooiciana; cliff swallow, Petrochelidon lunifrons; 
white-e3 r ed vireo, Vireo griseus; robin, Planesticus migratorius. 
The most efficient of the insect enemies of this pest is the fly Gela- 
toria diabroticoi Shim. (fig. 2), the maggot of which develops within 
the body of the adult insect, killing its host. This parasite is not 
sufficiently abundant, hoAvever, to exert much influence in reducing 
the numbers of the insect. 
1 Loc. cit. 
