SHORTLEAF PINE: IMPORTANCE AND MANAGEMENT. 45 
TABLE 26.—Stumpage value per acre and gross interest yielded on land value 
from cordwood in old field stands of shortleaf pine in Virginia” 
Thinned stand. Unthinned stand. 
Total value per 
acre includ- Gross rate Gross rate 
Age. | Final. | ing accumu- per cent | Yield | Value of} per cent 
yield. | lated value of yielded per stand. yielded 
thinnings at 4 | on land acre. on land 
per cent com- value.2 value. 
pound interest. 
Per cent. | Cords. | Dolls. Per cent. 
SEN Rit emai 47 11.75 583 
4.0 57 14. 25 4.2 
4.0 62 15.50 3.8 
3.8 64 16. 00 3.5 
3.6 65 16, 25 3.0 
3.5 64 16. 00 2.8 
3.2 63 15.75 2.5 
1Cordwood stumpage valued at 25 cents. 
2 Gross interest rate is figured on an investment including cost of protection, and interest on land value 
assumed to be $5 per acre. ‘Taxes and other costs equal 1 per cent. 
CUTTING AND REPRODUCTION. 
In forest management the cutting of stands is looked upon as an 
‘intermediate step in the continuous process of timber production. 
‘The capacity of the species for natural regeneration usually deter- 
mines the method of final cut. The easy reproduction of shortleaf 
pine avoids a loss of time between the timber crops and permits of 
concentration and economy in lumbering. As the seed is small and 
matures in abundance about every third year, with partial crops 
in the interval, it is aggressive and takes complete possession of 
abandoned fields and clearings. (See PI. V.) 
The essential requirements for the formation of fully stocked 
- young stands are (1) an abundance of light, secured by making 
large-sized openings, and (2) the presence of seed-bearing trees 
scattered over or near the openings. The method of cutting depends 
upon whether the stand is pure or mixed. Shortleaf is most produc- 
tive in pure stands (Pl. TX). 
PURE STANDS. 
For pure stands some form of the clear-cutting system should be 
used. Two methods are suggested. One leaves isolated seed trees 
scattered uniformly over the tract, and is applicable when the bulk 
of the contents of the stand is to be taken at one lumbering oper- 
ation. This system may be modified and applied in the form of 
a strip, group, or compartment. The other is to clear cut in strips. 
The first method scatters seed uniformly and leaves a few trees 
on the ground for local use after the young growth has been estab- 
lished. This is often a convenience on farms or near small settle- 
ments. Trees left for seed should have well-developed crowns and 
