16 BULLETIN 308, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
their volume and value at assigned stump prices in logging well- 
stocked stands of various ages, are shown in Table 9. 
TABLE 9.—Utilization and waste in logging well-stocked forest stands of short- 
leaf pine in Arkansas. 
Logs taken. Logs left. 
Diameter inside . Diameter inside : 
bark of top log. Scribner. | Doyle. bar’ of top log. Scribner. Doyle. 
g a oD oD g ~~: ad 
S| g dis |2eab Sele ean ie 
= =) ® 5 + os oa |e ro) = Z mn 2 m 
e181 Shs | 8 len) Blog be) 12 a4 b4ce) 2 oe 
a | @ | 4°] @ lal a |2a/ a tearay se | Ss |e le Teo eS ges 
ee | 2 S > |e] 8 |'3 ame a: Spee pls aq [33] 8 ia 
< = = << |/=/]0 {> So lS | = < = CO |Fel oo | Fs 
Yrs In. | In. | In.|Bd:ft.|Dolls.|Bd.ft.| Dolls. In. | In. | In. |Bd.ft.| Dolls. |Bd.ft.| Dolls. 
65} 160 15} 9.3] 6] 7,845) 23.54) 5,815] 17.44! 45 10} 8.0 7| 760) 1.141 441] 0.66 
75| 270 1 9.1 7|/14, 580) 43. 74/10, 856} 32.57) 75 aly Bre) 7}. 1,160} 1.74) 637) .96 
150} 388 16] 11.6) 9/48, 150/144. 45 40, 290/120. 87) 100 13) 9.8 8} 2,640} 3.96) 1,912) 2.87 
160} 470 15} 11.1 8/53, 010}159. 03/45, 090/135. 27; 70 10] 8.7 8} 1,840} 2.76) 1,208) 1.81 
170} 229 16} 11.3 7\23, 619] 70.36/20, 133) 60.40) 63 12) 86 7| 1,680) 2.52) 1,107) 1.66 
180} 220 21) 15.0) 8/39, 780/119. 34/85, 906)107. 72) 84 15 9.7 8| 4,096} 6.14) 3,197) 4.80 
1 Measurements taken in November, 1912, on seven plots representing six different age classes. 
2'Ten per cent deducted for defects in logs taken. 
3 Twenty per cent deducted for defects in logs leit. 
Under the best conditions of market the utilization of top logs 
runs higher than is shown in Table 9. Where there are log hauls of 
50 to 90 miles over railroads, now necessary for many of the larger 
mills, there is small profit in manufacturing the lower grades. In 
the flat, easily logged regions, straight and clear boles are taken 
for saw timber down to as low as 5 inches, and sometimes less. In 
much private lumbering practically everything straight and clear is 
taken. Asa northern Louisiana operator said, “we take everything 
that will make two slabs and sawdust.” This policy, which removes 
the chief basis for a second cut, is being pursued for the alleged 
reason that fire gets what the lumberman leaves. There is a wide 
difference of opinion in regard to the subsequent damage and loss by 
fire. Mr. L. J. Witherspoon, Womble, Ark., found by counts that in 
five years heavily cut tracts lost by all the combined destructive 
agencies only from 5 to 15 per cent of the trees above 3 inches in 
diameter. 
Inspection and grading that would include as merchantable lum- 
ber short lengths down to 4 feet and provide for odd lengths through- 
out up to 24 feet would result in a very large reduction of present 
milling waste. Short lengths of the clearest lumber in the tree in 
the form of slabs now go to making steam because of the present 
limitations; for the same reason many logs are now left in the tops. 
In most cases this is the result of haste and a desire to secure quantity 
rather than quality through careful grading. Better utilization 
would mean also remodeling plants and adding machinery for re- 
manufacturing the product. The utilization of waste wood by 
= 
