2 BULLETIN 308, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF. AGRICULTURE. 
because of the following qualities promises to supply much of the 
future timber crop: (1) Quick and persistent growth, (2) vigor 
of reproduction and high sprouting capacity during youth when 
most susceptible to serious injury, (8) quick response to increase of 
light secured by thinning, (4) characteristically tall, straight, and 
clean trunk, (5) intermediate quality of the wood, which fits it~ 
for a wide range of uses, and (6) the gregarious habit of the species © 
in pure stands, resulting in large yields of high-grade timber per — 
acre. ; 
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NAME. 
Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is one of the important 
southern yellow pines.t It is also known by various other names, — 
such as “ yellow,” “old field,” or “rosemary ” pine in the Piedmont — 
region from Virginia to the Mississippi River; “ hill” pine in Arkan- 3 
sas and Louisiana; and “two-leaf” and “spruce” pine in other re- — 
gions. In the lumber market the wood is known mostly as shortleaf © 
or yellow pine. In the Central Atlantic States shortleaf and loblolly — 
are marketed under the trade name of “North Carolina” pine. In ~ 
other regions loblolly is usually classed, without qualification, as — 
shortleaf lumber, while shortleaf and, to a lesser extent, loblolly are 
more or less frequently graded and sold as longleaf pine. 
In the following discussion of the annual cut, standing timber, 
lumber prices, and market it will be necessary to refer to the total 
southern yellow-pine cut as a basis, since there is no complete separa- 
tion of the different species by the trade either in lumbering opera- 
tions or in the general lumber market. 
PRESENT SUPPLY. 
The Bureau of Corporations in its report on the standing timber in 
the United States, published January 20, 1913,? states that in 1909 
there were 152,100,000,000 feet of shortleaf (throughout the report 
shortleaf is used to include both shortleaf and loblolly) and 
232,300,000,000 feet of longleaf pine, or a total of 384,400,000,000 
feet of southern yellow pine, distributed as shown in Table 1. 
1The other important pines making up the southern pine lumber are longleaf pine 
(Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus teda Linn.). Other southern pines of 
relatively small importance are slash pine (Pinus caribea Morelet), sold and classed as — 
longleaf; pond pine (Pinus serotina Michx.) ; and spruce pine (Pinus glabra Walt.), 
2The most complete timber census available. 
