12 BULLETIN 844, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
As insects, and especially honeybees, usually visit all recently 
opened flowers on a raceme, experiments C and D were conducted to 
determine whether more seed would be produced when pollen from 
other flowers on the same raceme was placed on the stigmas of the 
flowers than when only the pollen produced by each flower was placed 
on its own stigma. The effect of pollination when only the pollen 
produced by an individual flower was placed on its own stigmas was 
also obtained in experiment F, as by this method of pollination no 
pollen was transferred from one flower to another. It can not be 
stated definitely that the seed produced by the cross-pollinated 
flowers was the result of fertilization with foreign pollen, as the 
anthers were not removed from the flowers pollinated because it 
would be necessary to remove the anthers when the flowers were not 
more than two-thirds mature, and in doing this the flowers would be 
so mutilated that only occasionally would pollination at this time 
or at a later date be effective. The flowers listed in experiment E 
were pollinated a short time before they opened, and in each case 
pollen taken from flowers of other plants was placed on the stigmas. 
The petals of the cross-pollinated flowers were not mutilated, and 
in each case they returned to their original positions soon after polli- 
nation. The results obtained in experiment B, where the racemes 
were simply labeled and left open to the action of insects at all times, 
serve for comparison with other experiments where the flowers were 
protected from insect visitation and were artificially manipulated. 
Martin (25") found the setting of alfalfa seed and TTestgate (40) 
found the setting of red-clover seed to be affected by an excessive 
quantity of moisture in the soil or atmosphere. In order to over- 
come the possible effect of this or of other detrimental factors, in 
each experiment only the flowers on a certain number of racemes 
were pollinated at one time. All of the experiments were repeated a 
number of times during the months of July and August, 1916, and 
the results given in Table III show the total number of flowers polli- 
nated and the number of pods that formed during the two months. 
The results presented in Table III show that flowers fertilized 
with pollen transferred from another plant produced a higher per- 
centage of pods than any of the other treatments. The results ob- 
tained in experiment D, where the same toothpick was used to 
spring the keels of all the flowers on a raceme, show that this method 
of pollination produced an average of 7.24 pods per raceme more than 
the racemes in experiment C. where a separate toothpick was used 
for each flower. These results indicate that pollen transferred from 
one flower to another on the same raceme is more effective than when 
the pollen produced by an individual flower is used to fertilize its 
own stigma. However, the results of experiment C prove that self- 
pollination is effective in Melilotus alba. In experiment B. which 
