JUDGING HORSES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. 7 
The modem draft horse. — The modern draft horse is the result of 
a demand for great power in hauling heavy loads. This power is as- 
sociated with weight and has been gained at a sacrifice of speed. 
While the breeding of draft horses is increasing in the United States, 
this country has received all of its draft breeds from Europe and is 
still importing a great many of its breeding animals. All of the draft 
breeds have distinctive breed characteristics which may be considered 
by the class after a general consideration of type. All draft breeds 
conform to the type to be considered. 1 
Terms used in judging. — Before proceeding with a study of the 
draft type, the student should learn the names of the parts of a horse. 
It is not wise to assume that the high-school students knows all the 
terms used in judging. (Fig. 4.) An outline drawing may be used 
to designate the names of the parts. If drawn upon the blackboard 
the names of the parts may be erased and the students asked to fill 
them in. 
The score card. — Some time may be used by the students in the 
classroom in becoming familiar with the score card which they are to 
use. They should understand that the score card is a detailed de- 
scription of a perfect animal designed to aid them in establishing an 
ideal. The card will also aid them in examining an animal in a sys- 
tematic manner and give them a sense of relative values in judging. 
Many different score cards for draft horses have been devised. Varia- 
tion in score cards is likely to continue, as there will always be a dif- 
ference of opinion upon the relative value of minor points and upon 
forms of grouping. The forms given here are used by the Iowa State 
College. Similar forms are used in a number of other schools. 2 
Students' score card. 
DRAFT HORSES. 
Scale of points for gelding. 
Perfect 
seore. 
Students' 
score. 
Corrected 
score. 
1. Age 
General appearance— 16 points: 
2. Height 
4 
4 
4 
4 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5. Quality, bone clean, yet indicating sufficient substance; tendons 
Head and neck — 6 points: 
8. Muzzle, fine, nostrils large; lips thin, ev en 
9. Eyes, full, bright, clear, large 
10. Forehead, broad, full 
12. Neck, muscled; crest high; throat latch fine; windpipe large 
1 For a description of breeds see Breeds of Draft Horses, U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' 
Bui. 619 (1914). 
2 Score cards may be obtained from most of the State agricultural colleges. 
