6 
BULLETIN 487, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
machine. Much depends upon the nervous organization of the 
animal. The relation of this organization to temperament may be 
made clear at this time. 
Classification of horses. — The breeds of horses may be grouped 
according to the work required of them. Such a classification gives 
us light-harness horses, heavy harness or coach horses, saddle horses, 
draft horses, and ponies. 1 . 
Other classifications may be used in the show ring and market. 
While smaller horses may be used on the farm and for other work 
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Fig. 4. — Regions of the horse : 1, Muzzle ; 2, lips ; 3, nostril ; 4, face ; 3. eye ; 6. fore- 
head : 7. foretop : S, earr. ; 9. poll : 10. jaw : 11, throatlatch : 12, neck ; 13, crest : 
14, withers; 15, shoulder; 16, breast; IT, point of shoulder; IS, arm; 19, elbow ; 
20. fore flank : 21. forearm : 22. knee : 23. cannon : 24. fetlock joint : 25, pastern ; 
26. coronet : 27, feet ; 28, seat of side bone ; 29, seat of splint : 30, chestnut ; 31, 
abdomen ; 32, ribs ; 33, back ; 34, loin ; 35, point of hip ; 36, coupling ; 37, hind flank ; 
3S, sheath: 39, stifle joint; 40, seat of thoropin ; 41, seat of bog spavin; 42, seat of 
bone spavin : 43, seat of ring bone : 44, seat of curb : 45, hock ; 46, gaskin ; 47. thigh ; 
48, quarter ; 49, group ; 50, point of buttock ; 51, taiL 
which requires heavy pulling, an animal is not considered a draft 
horse unless it weighs over 1.500 pounds. (Fig. 3.) 
1 The draft horse is chosen as a type to illustrate methods of teaching because of its 
importance in connection with farming. As the light-harness horse is also important 
in all rural communities, a score card and descriptive matter pertaining to that type 
is given. Methods of teaching are much the same for all types of horses. In some 
districts the heavy harness and saddle horses may be important enough to give special 
consideration. Score cards and descriptive matter pertaining to these types will be 
found in the general references given. 
