UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
llll BULLETIN No. 487 $jjfA 
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Contribution from the Spates Relations Service 
A. C. TRUE, Director 
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Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
January 25, 1917 
JUDGING HORSES AS A SUBJECT OF INSTRUC- 
TION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS. 1 
By H. P. Bakrows, Assistant in Agricultural Education, States Relations 
Service. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Introduction 1 
Teaching the judging of horses 1 
Classroom discussion 3 
Practice judging 9 
Page. 
Estimating the age of a horse 24 
Estimating matters o f unsoundness 2G 
Comparative judging 29 
Demonstrations 29 
INTRODUCTION. 
A study of types and breeds of horses is considered an essential 
part of the general course in animal husbandry in secondary schools. 
Considerable attention and interest are centered around the scoring 
and judging of horses in connection with the study. It is the aim of 
this bulletin to give such specific instructions as will aid in making 
this work more practical. 
The subject matter which follows is not original. Leading authori- 
ties have been consulted freely. 
TEACHING THE JUDGING OF HORSES. 
Value and place of the subject in the curriculum. — Practical work 
in stock judging has done much to arouse interest and enthusiasm 
in animal husbandry on the part of the student. It has also done a 
great deal toward allaying prejudice and developing sympathy 
among those who looked upon the teaching of agriculture as " book 
farming." Judging horses in connection with a study of types and 
breeds is an essential foundation work for a study of breeding, 
feeding, training, and general management of horses which should 
follow in the course. 
1 Prepared under the direction of C. H. Lane, Chief Specialist in Agricultural Education. 
Note. — This bulletin is intended for the use of teachers of secondary agriculture. 
65700°— Bull. 487—17 1 
