INLAND BOAT SEKVTCE. 3 
they trace the development of railroad traffic, together with the rela- 
tive and the absolute decline of transportation by river. 
One of the principal items in the freight received at St. Louis by 
boat is apples, which are brought in large quantities from Calhoun 
County, 111. This county, consisting of a long strip of land bounded 
on three sides by the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, has no railroads 
and depends upon river boats for transportation. In 1911, 54 per 
cent of the barreled apples received at St. Louis came by river, and 
in 1912 the river receipts exceeded 49 per cent of the total receipts 
by all routes. Also, from 2 to 5 per cent of the eggs, from 4 to nearly 
7 per cent of the cotton, from \\ to 2 per cent of the sheep, and from 
2 \ to Z\ per cent of the hogs received at this city in 1908-1912 came 
by water. 
Statistics of river trade at Memphis and New Orleans show rela- 
tively large receipts of cotton. At Memphis, during the five years 
ending with 1912, from 10 to nearly 14 per cent and at New Orleans 
from nearly 4 to more than 7 per cent of all cotton received was car- 
ried by boat. 
MARKET VALUES OF PRODUCTS TRANSPORTED BY WATER. 
Another basis of estimating the importance of steamboat traffic is 
the market value of products carried. The following approximate 
valuations are based upon average market prices at the respective 
cities where the produce was received, and are to be regarded merely 
as rough estimates. The wheat received by boat at Baltimore during 
the five years ending with 1912, at average prices of southern wheat, 
contract grade, was worth from $600,000 to $2,000,000 a year, and 
the corn receipts ranged from about $200,000 to $1,000,000, according 
to the prices paid for southern white corn. 
At Cincinnati the receipts of tobacco by river averaged from 
$1,500,000 to more than $3,000,000 a year in 1908-1912; the cattle, 
hogs, and sheep were worth, at average prices, about $750,000 to 
$1,250,000 per year, while the eggs brought in by boat averaged 
$150,000 to $250,000. 
Among the receipts at St. Louis during 1908-1912 whose value 
illustrates the importance of river traffic are apples, with an average 
annual value (disregarding the abnormally low receipts of apples in 
1910) of about $125,000 to $775,000 ; eggs, worth $150,000 to $200,000 
a year; cattle, sheep, and hogs, $1,500,000 to $2,000,000; and wheat, 
$200,000 to $500,000. 
The annual receipts of cotton by river averaged $5,000,000 to 
$7,500,000 at Memphis and $3,000,000 to $7,000,000 at New Orleans 
in the fire years just mentioned. Large quantities of other farm 
products were also received by river at these two cities. 
