BULLETIN 1307, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
in the next few years several additional articles dealing with the 
problem caused by the pest in German East Africa appeared. In 
1909 D. T. Fullaway (8) published an account of the pink bollworm 
and its relation to cotton culture in the Hawaiian Islands, stating 
that it appeared to have been introduced from India within u com- 
paratively recent " years. 
Only a few more or less technical papers were published from 
1909 to 1913. Since the latter date a considerable literature has been 
built up, consisting largely of papers emanating from Egypt, where 
the pest has attracted increasing attention. 
ORIGINAL HOME 
The original home of the pink bollworm is probably India and 
possibly southern Asia generally, and its original host plants were 
the wild and cultivated cottons of that region. This conclusion, 
published by the writer (IS) in an earlier bulletin on this subject, 
was also announced by Marlatt (h~>) at about the same time, after a 
more exhaustive discussion of the* evidence available. If this nat- 
ural range of the insect extended to Africa it must have been 
limited to central Africa and at least it did not extend to the Nile 
Valley region, where cotton has been an important cultivated crop 
for a century or more. The occurrence of the insect in Egypt is 
apparently traced definitely to large shipments of seed cotton or im- 
perfectly ginned cotton from India in 1906-7, and the spread of 
the insect from the points in the lower Delta, near Alexandria, where 
this cotton was sent for reginning, throughout the Delta, and ulti- 
mately throughout Egypt, is so well confirmed by circumstantial 
evidence as to leave no doubt as to the entry of the insect at that time 
into Egypt. With the first occurrence of the insect in Egypt it was 
confused more or less with other insects commonly found in cotton 
bolls in that country, and this confusion led to a statement by Dud- 
geon (6') that this insect had probably been in Egypt for many years. 
The careful investigation of the situation and determination of 
original points of infestation and spread by expert entomologists 
in the employ of the British and Egyptian Governments have fully 
disproved this early surmise and pointed out the real manner of in- 
troduction of the insect into Egypt. 
As already noted, the pink bollworm has been recorded as a cotton 
pest in India since 1842, and the original report made by the super- 
intendent of the Government cotton plantation at Broach, India, 
is of sufficient importance to be given in full, as follows: 
The inclosed is an insect which was very destructive to the American cot- 
ton which was sown here (Broach) on light alluvial soil. The egg is deposited 
in the germen at the time of flowering, and the larva feeds upon the cotton seed 
until the pod is ahout to hurst, a little previous to which time it has opened 
a round hole in the side of the pod for air, and at which to make an exit at 
its own convenience, dropping on the ground, which it penetrates ahout an 
inch, and winds a thin web in which it remains during the aurelia state. Curi- 
ous enough, the cotton on the black soil was not touched by it. The native 
cotton is sometimes affected by it. 
The significant thing in the paragraph is the statement that the 
insect was very destructive to the American cotton and that "rutf/re 
cotton, is sometimes affected by itP The fact that the American cot- 
ton was much more affected than the native varieties is in accord 
