AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE I GERMANY 
The farmers of America are vitally interested in the development 
of this whole situation, which will result in the return of Germany to 
a position of balanced agriculture that produced 89.7 per cent of 
the country's meat requirements, 64.2 per cent of the fat require- 
ments, and 84.2 per cent of the cereal requirements; or which will 
continue, or even further depress, the present situation of a subor- 
dinated agriculture, producing in 1924 only 64.4 per cent of the 
country's meat requirement and in 1923-24 only 61.6 per cent of 
the requirements ° of wheat, rye, barley, and oats. 
In discussing the present situation the basic relationships of Ger- 
man agriculture to the economic welfare of the Republic of Germany 
should be considered from two points: (1) The relationships of 
German agriculture to the State as affected by the territorial changes 
brought about by the treaty of Versailles ; and (2) those relationships 
as affected by the series of crises through which German agriculture 
has passed during the World War and the postwar years. 
The relationships of German agriculture to the economic welfare 
of the country were not directly affected to any considerable extent 
by the changes in territory brought about by the treaty of Versailles, 
except in the cases of rye, the beet-sugar industry, and, to a less 
extent, the meat industry. It is true that this whole subject of the 
effect of the territorial changes brought about by the treaty of 
Versailles upon the German agricultural situation is largely a matter 
of hypothesis and estimation, but at the same time such approxima- 
tions as may be made are suggestive. In Table. 2 the pre-war status 
of the Empire and the territories now comprising the Republic are 
contrasted on a basis of the percentage relationship that the differ- 
ence between the production and disappearance of farm crops within 
the two areas bears to the production and disappearance within 
the former Empire : 
Table 2. — Cereals and potatoes, average, 1909-1913; and sugar, 1912-13: Pre-war 
production and disappearance in the German Empire compared with that within 
the present boundaries of the Republic 
Per ICO inhabitants ' 
Crop 
Net production 1909-1913 
Disappearance 1909-1913 
Pre-war 
bound- 
aries 
Bound- 
aries 
of 1923 
Difference 
i'iv-w ir 
bound- 
Bound- 
aries 
of 1923 
l inference 
Wheat 
Bushels 
215.0 
627.6 
226. 3 
119.9 
2,212.0 
Hash ih 
209. 
583. 6 
214. 7 
1 28. 
2, 027. 9 
Bushels 
-6.0 
-44.0 
-11.6 
+8.1 
-184.7 
Per cent 
-2.8 
-7.0 
-5. 1 
- 
-8.3 
Bushels 
321 
588 
' 444 
] 22 
2,229 
Bushels 
315 
565 
-' 459 
L30.4 
2. 030 
Bushels 
-6 
-23 
+ 15 
Per cnit 
-1.9 
Rye 
—3. 9 
Barley.. . ... ... .... 
Oats per head of horses 3 . . 
+6.9 
Potatoes. __ 
-8. 9 
Net production 1912-13 
Disappearance 1912-13 
Sugar, estimated, per capita 
Pounds 
^ 91.9 
Pounds 
* 83. 8 
Pounds 
-S. 1 
Per cent 
-s. s 
Pounds 
M7. 1 
Pounds 
<■ 18. 9 
+1.8 J +3.8 
1 Population: Pre-war boundaries (1910), 04,926,000; boundaries of 192.3 (1910), 57,800,000. 
2 Net production plus total imports for the Empire. (See texl .) 
3 Number of horses: Pre-war boundaries (1913), l,""S,(!c(): boundaries of 1923 (191; 
4 Includes *u ,020,000 short tons made from molasses. These figures are apj roximations based upon the 
data, for the season 1912-13. 
1 Deutsche Zuckerindustrie, vol. 48, No. 6, Feb. 9, 1923, p. 76. 
6 It is probable thai the rate of disappearance in the temtoi ies now composing the Republic was greater 
than is indicated here and in Table 47, p. 64. 
° Based on pre-war normal average per capita consumption (1909 L913) and population of 1924 for meats 
and of 1923 for cereals. 
