22 
BULLETIN 1399, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
what smaller proportion of the land was given over to forests, orchards, 
gardens, meadows, and nonagricultural uses in the ceded territories 
than in the Republic, as brought out in Table 11. 
Table 11.— Utilization of land in Germany, boundaries of 1923, the Saar, and 
ceded territories, as compared with the German Empire, 1913 
Classification 
Former German 
Empire, 1913 
Germany (bound- 
aries, 1923), 1913 
Ceded territories 
and Saar, 1913 
Cereals and legumes . . 
1,000 acres 
40, 156. 
12, 342. 6 
317.0 
277.5 
6,561.5 
1,662.5 
1, 749. 2 
Per cent 
63.7 
19.6 
.5 
.4 
10.4 
2.6 
2.8 
1,000 acres 
34,021.2 
10,213.4 
286.9 
241.4 
5, 533. 8 
1,451.5 
1, 378. 8 
Per cent 
64.0 
19.2 
.6 
.5 
10.4 
2.7 
2.6 
1,000 acres 
6, 134. 8 
2, 129. 2 
30.1 
36.1 
1,027.7 
211.0 
370.4 
Pit cent, 
61.8 
Tubers, runts, etc 
Vegetables grow n in the fields 
industrial plants ' . 
21.4 
.3 
. 1 
10.3 
Fallow 
2.1 
Temporary meadows... . 
3.7 
63,066.3 
100.0 
53,127.0 
100.0 
9, 939. 3 
100.0 
r 63, 066. 3 
L4.80 i.5 
6, 406. 1 
293.1 
49, 134.3 
47.2 
11.1 
4.8 
.2 
36. 7 
53, 127. 
13,181.1 
5, 650. 4 
222.6 
43, 700. 6 
45.8 
11.4 
4.9 
.2 
37.7 
9, 939. 3 
1,624.4 
755.7 
70.5 
5, 433. 7 
55.8 
9. 1 
1 'a st l ires _ 
4.2 
.4 
Gardens, orchards, and nonagricul- 
tural areas 
30.5 
Total area 
133, 705. 3 
100.0 
115,881.7 
100.0 
17, 823. 6 
100.0 
1913 old boundaries: Germany, Kaiserliehes Statistisches Amt. Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des 
Deutschen Reiclls. 
1913 new boundaries: Unpublished statistics of German Statistisches Reichsamt. 
1 Oleaginous, fiber, and other plants used in industry. 
The striking feature of this table on land utilization is the per- 
centage of land under plow in 1913 which was 55.8 per cent in the 
ceded districts and the Saar against 45.8 per cent in the territories 
of the Republic. This difference of 10 per cent emphasizes the higher 
agricultural character of the former districts. 
EFFECT OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY ON LARGE ESTATES 
Detailed studies in Germany as well as in other European countries 
have shown that, in general, large marketable surpluses of cereals and 
sugar beets are to be associated more closely with the extensive 
farming of large estates than with the small farms of the peasants. 
The region of large farms in the German Empire lay east of the 
River Elbe and, while detailed statistics are not available as to 
differences in yield on farms of different sizes, it is true that in these 
districts there was a large surplus production of grain, sugar, potatoes, 
alcohol, and starch. In these eastern districts farms over 247 acres 
(100 hectares) comprise about 40 per cent of the area, and those over 
49 acres (20 hectares), 60 per cent, [n some regions the average 
was much higher than this. Farm holdings become smaller as one 
travels from eastern Germany toward the central, western, and 
southern districts. In southern and western Germany holdings 
arc lor the most part of the small peasant type and in these sections 
there is a deficit of agricultural products. 
A glance at Table L2 shows that whereas Germany ceded 14.5 
per cent of her farm lands to surrounding countries, she ceded 20.8 
per cent of her large farms (247 acres and over) that produced large 
marketable surpluses of cereals as compared with from 12 to 13 per 
cent of the smaller holdings that produced small marketable sur- 
pluses of cereals. 
