AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE: GERMANY 43 
Table 27. — Rye: Statistical balances, Germany, 1923 boundaries, 1921-22 to 
1924-25, compared with pre-war average, 1909-10 to 19 13-1 /+ 
Unit 
Year beginning July 1 
Item 
Average 
1909-1913 
1921 
1922 
1923 
1924 
(prelimi- 
nary; 
Area sown - - 
Acre 
Bushel .- 
.-.do 
Thou- 
sands 
12.713 
Thou- 
sands 
10, 539 
Thou- 
sands 
10,237 
Thou- 
sand < 
10,789 
Thou- 
sands 
10,525 
368, 337 
30,992 
207. 648 
26,041 
206,033 
25,291 
263, 037 
26, 651 
225, 573 
26,000 
_-_dO-..- 
-_-do_... 
...do.... 
...do 
do 
Xet production 
Theoretical domestic requirement ' 
337, 345 
2 326, 644 
241, 607 
.344,961 
180, 742 
348, 916 
236,386 
351,854 
199, 573 
354,961 
Theoretical surplus (+) or deficit (— ) 
Actual net imports 
3+10, 701 
( 4 ) 
-103,354 
4,738 
-168, 174 
42, in 
-115,468 
24, 877 
-155,388 
( 5 ) 
98, 616 
126,060 
90,591 
i Based upon pre-war disappearance norm, 5.65 bushels times population. See Table 19 for populations. 
2 Normal disappearance. 
3 Available for export. 
1 Exports for Germany, 1923 boundaries, assumed to be same as the surplus. 
5 Not available for total year. During the six-months' period July 1 to December 31 Germany im- 
ported 15,759,000 bushels of rye, as compared with 14,674,000 bushels during the same period in 1923. 
Since the war this situation has changed. Instead of having a 
considerable quantity of rye for export, the Republic has actually 
been forced to import rye to maintain her population. 
More than 2.000,000 acres have go^e out of cultivation and yields 
per acre have fallen off. The agricultural tariff, amounting prac- 
tically to a bonus on rye exports, enabled German farmers, especially 
the large-estate operators, to put hundreds of thousands of acres of 
submarginal lands into rye. The German Government was partially 
recompensed by Russia through a premium that the latter Govern- 
ment paid on its rye flour imports originating in Germany. With the 
removal of the bonus, the cultivation of these submarginal lands 
became unprofitable and were allowed to revert to grass. Export 
prohibitions and various laws regulating the farmer's business to his 
disadvantage, grain requisitions, the chaotic economic conditions, 
and shortage of labor have contributed to cut down the rye acreage. 
In spite of the fact that Germany is importing more rye than was 
formerly exported, official German statistics indicate that the people 
are still from a fourth to a third short of their former rye ration, as 
indicated in Table 27. 
The striking feature of the rye situation is that each } T ear following 
the war Germanv's net rve production has shown a falling off of from 
96,000,000 bushels in 1921 to 138,000,000 bushels in 1924. Taking 
into consideration the fact that the population in the territory com- 
prised within the 1923 boundaries of the Republic has increased 
from 57,800,000 in 1910 to 62,825,000 in 1924, this reduced produc- 
tion and increased requirement has forced Germany to import large 
quantities of rye. The quantities of rye imported, with the coun- 
tries of origin, and the quantities exported, with countries of destina- 
tion, are given in Table 28. 
