AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE : GERMANY 
69 
Table 52. — Hay: Area and production in Germany, 1921-24, as compared with 
1909-1913 average 
[In thousands— 000 omitted] 
Boundaries of 1923 
Kind of hay 
Average 
1909-1913 
1921 1922 1923 
1924 
Clover... 
Short 
Acre* tons 
4, 200 9. 057 
512 1-354 
Acres 
4,944 
622 
805 
12. 657 
Short 
tons 
7,865 
1,265 
1,386 
17,543 
Acres 
4,676 
662 
784 
12, 712 
Short 
tons 

1,639 
1,510 
19, 698 
Acres 
4,818 
686 
764 
12, 693 
Short 
tons 
10,569 
1,740 
1,624 
24, 120 
Acres 
4, 635 
670 
793 
12, 675 
Short 
tons 
9,768 
Alfalfa ... 
1,632 
Irrigated and 
drained meadows. 
Other meadows 
1,062 
12, 012 
2,381 
22,565 
1,687 
23,931 
Total 
17, 7S6 
35, 357 
19,028 
28, 059 
IS. 834 
30, 592 
18,961 
38,053 
18, 773 
37, 018 
1909-1913: Germany, Kaiserliches Statistiches Amt, Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen 
Reichs, heft. I, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914. 
1921: Germany, Statistisches Reichsamt (formerly Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt), Vierteljahrshefte 
zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs, heft. I, 1922. 
1922-1924: Germanv, Statistisches Reichsamt, Jan. 5, 1925. 
t» 
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY 
The expansion of the livestock industry in Germany is restricted 
by the area of pasturage available, the quantity of forage that can 
be produced, and the degree to which concentrated feedstuffs can 
be imported and fed at a profit. The development of the livestock 
industry involves the problem of the degree to which it is of greater 
economic importance to Germany to produce its meat, butter, milk, 
lard, bacon, and other animal products than to import them. 
PRE-WAR LIVESTOCK SITUATION 
During the years just preceding the war it had been possible to 
produce about So. 5 per cent of meats and nonvegetable fats (ex- 
cept butter) and about 88 per cent of the butter that were required 
to feed the population of the Empire. The available pasture lands 
of the northwest provinces — lands not well fitted for the profitable 
production of cereals or sugar beets but producing grass in sufficient 
quantities to render grazing and hay production profitable — were 
about fully stocked. In other parts of the country the competition 
between field crop production and livestock production had about 
reached a balance based upon the margin of profit per acre. 
The 30-year period just preceding the war (1883-1913) that marked 
the rapid expansion of Germany's industries, with a concentration of 
population in urban centers and in industrial districts, also marked 
a rapid expansion in the numbers of all classes of livestock "except 
sheep fFig. 7); but, the increase in the total numbers of livestock 
did not keep pace with the increase in population, as shown in 
Table 53. 
