AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE: GE 71 
The economic factors (more particularly the increasing importa- 
tions of Australian and Russian wool) that are associated with the 
falling off in the numbers of sheep held on German farms are dis- 
cussed in detail elsewhere. (See "Sheep/' p. 98.) The increase in 
beef and draft cattle was more rapid than that in dairy stock, the 
former class keeping pace with the increase in population while dairy 
cattle fell off 27 head per 1,000 inhabitants, indicating that the eco- 
nomic limit of the numbers of dairy cows that could be profitably 
maintained on the available lowlands of the northwestern provinces 
had been approached. The great increase in swine was due to the 
necessity of meeting, as nearly as possible, the growing requirements 
of pork and pork products of the industrial centers* This 
possible because the native German breeds of swine were of very low 
grade compared with English breeds and feeding methods on German 
farms were also very primitive. The native semiwild breeds that 
ranged the woods summer and winter were replaced by rapid-matur- 
ing English breeds that could be stall-fed with great profit. Pork 
products became in a sense by-products of the diary and potato 
industries. 
EFFECT OF VERSAILLES TREATY ON LIVESTOCK SITUATION 
The detailed effect of the changes of territory upon the livestock 
industry as affecting each class of animals is discussed separately 
under the swine, cattle, horse, and sheep situations later in this 
bulletin, but Table 54 is here given to indicate the extent of these 
territorial changes upon the industry as a whole. In general 16.5 
per cent of the horses, 12 per cent of the cattle, 12.2 per cent of the 
swine, 9.7 per cent of the sheep, 10.8 per cent of the goats, and 12.5 
per cent of the fowls of the former German Empire were found in the 
ceded territories and the Saar. Though the number of five animals 
per 1,000 inhabitants, with the exception of sheep and goats, was 
somewhat greater in the ceded districts than in the Empire as a whole, 
the differences between the numbers in the Empire and within the 
boundaries of the present Republic were not great: horses, 70 against 
66; cattle, 323 against 320; swine, 395 against 390; sheep, 85 
against 86; goats, oo against 55; and fowls, 1,266 against 1,244. 
Total livestock (except fowls) numbered 928 per 1,000 inhabitants 
in the Empire as against 917 in the territories now composing the 
Republic — a difference of 11 animals, or 1.19 per cent. This differ- 
ence is relatively so insignificant that the present livestock situation 
in Germany can not be considered to have been materially affected 
by the changes in territory brought about by the provisions of the 
Versailles treaty. 
