84 
BULLETIN 1399, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
EFFECT OF VERSAILLES TREATY ON HORSE SITUATION 
Of Germany's total number of horses in 1913, 16.1 per cent were 
found within the boundaries of the territories ceded to surrounding 
countries under the terms of the Versailles treaty. Before the war) 
according to the enumeration of 1913, there were 4,558,000 horses in 
Empire of Germany, or 70 per 1,000 inhabitants. Of this number, 
3,807,000, or 66 per 1,000 inhabitants, were found within the fron- 
fciers of the present Republic. As a result of the peace treaty Ger- 
many ceded territories, including the Saar, that before the war main- 
tained 16.5 per cent of the Empire's total number of horses, and in 
which there were 105 horses per 1,000 inhabitants. This loss of 
horses was chiefly in the territories to the east, where light cavalry 
types were bred, so that, although the density per 1,000 inhabitants 
was decreased 5.7 per cent (see Table 65) the actual significance of 
this loss to German agriculture was not so great as the numbers 
would seem to indicate. 
The statistical analysis of the pre-war horse situation in the ceded 
districts and in the territory now composing the Republic of Germany 
appears in Table 65. 
Table 65. 
■Horses: Number in the districts which composed the former German 
Empire, 1913 
District 
Total 
number 
Per 1,000 
inhabitants 
Uermany, 1923 boundaries. 
Saar district: 
Rhine province.. 
Bavaria 
Areas ceded: 
From East Prussia— 
To Memel 
To Poland 
From West Prussia— 
To Danzig Free State 
To Poland 
From Posen to Poland 
From Upper Silesia — 
To Poland 
To Czechoslovakia 
From Lower Silesia to Poland 
From Schleswlg-Holstein to Denmark 
From Rhine Province to Belgium ... 
Alsace-Lorraine to France. 
Total for ceded areas to neighboring countries 
Total Empire.. 
Per cent in ceded territories and Saar 
Thousands 
3,807 
34 
6 
41 
155 
283 
28 
3 
4 
38 
2, 
i 137 
Number 
731 
4,558 
16.5 
66 
241 
242 
124 
161 
145 
32 
66 
152 
22S 
33 
i 73 
See Table 54 for sources. 
1 Figures for 1912. No figures for 1913 are available. 
ORIGIN OF HOUSES IMPORTED TO COVER GERMANY'S PRE-WAR DEFICIT (1909-1913) 
Before the war Germany imported 137,739 horses, largely of the 
cavalry type, for use in the army and exported about 7,000 annually. 
These imported horses originated chiefly in Russia, Denmark, Bel- 
gium, and the Netherlands. (See Table 67.) Carriage and draft 
animals were exported to Switzerland and breeding animals to the 
Netherlands and Austria. 
