86 
BULLETIN 1399, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
The horsepower on German farms is now well up to the pre-war 
standard and can he maintained with but few importations. This is 
especially true since the Republic does not maintain a large standing 
army and therefore does not withdraw from the farms such large 
numbers of horses of the cavalry and artillery types as was the case 
under the Government of the Empire. 
CATTLE 
The cattle of Germany are divided into two main classes, the 
highland and the lowland, each having a large number of subclasses 
and breeds. The lowland cattle, found principally in the north and 
east of Germany, are valued chiefly for their milk production. They 
are also moderately good beef animals. They have a mediocre capa- 
city as work animals and are used only to a slight extent in farm 
work. "The breeders aim at high milk yield, good grazing quality 
and beauty of form, combined with a robust constitution." Bullocks, 
2}4 to 3 years old weigh about 1,500 pounds and cows about 1,600 
pounds. Bulls dress out 58 per cent of live weight, cows 55 per cent. 
Production ranges from 12,600 pounds milk with 3 per cent butter- 
fat down to 7,400 pounds milk with 3.32 per cent butterfat for 
average herds. Table 68 gives the distribution and indicates the 
relative importance of the principal breeds. 
Table 
-Cattle: Distribution of the German lowland breeds, based 
made in 1906 
on survey 
Type 
Breeding district 
Per 
cent 
of total 
number 
of low- 
land 
cattle 
Per 
cent 
of total 
number 
of all 
cattle 
Tendencies to increase or decrease 
since 1906 
Pedigree black and 
white lowland cat- 
tle (IIolstein-Frie- 
sian). 
Pedigree red and 
white lowland cat- 
tle. 
Red and white Hol- 
stein breeds. 
Angeln cattle. 
Shorthorns... 
East Friesland, Jeverland, I 
Weser-Marsh, Pomera- 
nii, West and East 
Prussia, some districts 
of South Germany. 
Rhincland and Westpha- 
lia. 
HolStein, Elbe, Breiten- 
burg, and Wilster 
marshes. 
The peninsula of Angeln, 
in Schleswig-Holstein. 
Wesl coasl <>f Schleswig- 
Bolsteinand Palatinate. 
I ; lesland 
cuttle. 
< 'i in i breeds 
East Friesland 
North and central Oer- 
niany. 
7.23 
1.62 
2.33 
.56 
31.77 
28.42 
3.82 
3.14 
.90 
1.34 
.31 
L7.82 
This is the favored breed of high 
milk capacity cattle. Its num- 
ber and distribution are increas- 
in:_'. Animals entered in various 
herd books and alive on Jan. 1, 
1911: 
Bulls... 2,147 
Cows 64.043 
Heifers. 14, 170 
Total 80,360 
Animals entered in various herd 
books and alive on Jan. 1, 1911: 
Hulls. 643 
Cows 4,355 
Total 4,998 
Although a large number of cows 
is registered, the breed is limited 
to home districts. 
A local breed. 
Animals entered in herd books and 
alive Jan. 1, lull: 
Bulls 321 
Cows... 4,945 
Total.. 5,266 
Of local importance. 
Progressively decreasing in view of 
increase of pedigree breeds. 
• Landwirtschafts-Qesellschaft, Berlin. 
