88 
BULLETIN 1399, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
of 349 per 1,000 inhabitants. In 1913 the population had increased 
to 64,925,993, while the numbers of cattle had increased to 20,994,000, 
giving a ratio of 323 animals to each 1,000 inhabitants. 
As in the case of swine, so with cattle; the factors of cost of feed, 
the extent of available pasturage, and the price obtainable for meat, 
butter, and other products limit the degree to which the products 
of agricultural binds can be devoted to dairying or to beef produc- 
tion. Under the conditions just preceding the war that limit had 
been nearly approached in Germany 
EFFECT OF VERSAILLES TREATY ON CATTLE SITUATION 
Of Germany's total number of cattle in the year 1913, 11.6 per cent 
were found within the boundaries of the territories that later were 
ceded to neighboring countries. The important factor to the animal 
industry is not so much the actual numbers of percentage of the total 
animals of the German Empire that were found in the ceded districts 
as the relative density of animals to population; that is, the number 
of livestock per 1,000 inhabitants. 
Before the war, according to the enumeration of 1913, there were 
20,994,000 cattle in the Empire, of which 11,320,000 were cows of 
two vears or older. Within the frontiers of the present Republic 
there" were 18,476,000 cattle, including 9,973,000 cows. 
As a consequence of the treaty of peace, Germany lost territories, 
including the Saar, that before the war maintained 12 per cent of the 
total cattle and 11.9 per cent of the cows. The cessions of territory 
did not, however, materially affect Germany's cattle industry as a 
whole, since the difference in the cattle density of the Empire and the 
Republic was only 1 per cent. 
The statistical analysis of the pre-war cattle situation in the 
ceded districts and in the territory now comprising the Republic of 
Germany appears in Table 70. 
Table 70. — Cattle: Number in the districts which composed the former German 
Empire, 1913 
Total cattle 
Cows 2 years and older 
District 
Total 
number 
Per 
thousand 
inhabitants 
Total 
number 
Per 
thousand 
inhabitants 
Thousands 
18, 476 
58 
16 
Number 
320 
101 
Thousands 
9, 973 
37 
Number 
173 
Saar district: 
65 
Bavaria '. 
198 10 
124 
Anas ceded: 
From East Prussia— 
76 
16 
421 
867 
96 
15 
16 
538 46 
645 8 
233 48 
436 235 
445 I 
326 
To Poland. 
323 
From West Prussia — 
To Danzig Free State - 
145 
To Poland - 
244 
232 
From Upper Silesia — 
'['o Poland 
107 
330 
610 
1.533 
59 
9 
9 
106 
28 
301 
66 
198 
343 
637 
"1 900 
561 294 
467 
Alsace-Lorraine to France 
161 
Total for ceded areas 
2, 444 378 
1.31X1 
201 
20. '.('.» t 323 : 11,320 
174 
12.0 
11.9 
See Table 54 for sources. 
