94 
BULLETIN 1390, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
EFFECT OF VERSAILLES TREATY ON SWINE SITUATION 
Before the war, according to the enumeration of 1913, there were 
25,659,000 swine in the Empire, or 395 per 1,000 inhabitants. Of 
this number, 22,533,000, or 390 per 1,000 inhabitants, were found 
within the frontiers of the present Republic. As a result of the peace 
treaty, Germany lost territories that before the war maintained 
12.2 per cent of the Empire's total number of swine. Tins loss did 
not, however, materially affect the relative density of swine because 
the greatest concentration of the swine industry was in the dairy 
centers of the central northern districts that remained to the Republic. 
The statistical analysis of the pre-war swine situation in the ceded 
districts and in the territory now composing the Republic of Germany 
appears in Table 78. 
Table 78. 
-Swine: Number in the districts which composed the former German 
Empire, 1913 
District 
Total 
number 
Per thou- 
sand in- 
habitants 
Germanv, 1923 boundaries 
Thousands 
22,533 
88 
18 
Number 
390 
Saar district: 
154 
222 
Areas ceded: 
From East Prussia— 
138 
21 
92 
648 
1,223 
134 
13 
17 
218 
23 
493 
977 
To Poland... 
847 
From West Prussia— 
To Danzig Free State 
278 
To Poland 
672 
From Posen to Poland. 
628 
From Upper Silesia — 
To Poland 
150 
286 
648 
1,311 
383 
263 
Total for ceded areas 
3,020 
467 
Total Empire 
25, 069 395 
12.2 
See Table 54 for sources. 
POSTWAR SWINE SITUATION 
During the war the number of Germany's swine was greatly de- 
pleted. (Table 79.) The estimates of the swine on farms in 1922 
place the actual numbers 35 per cent below the 1913 estimates, while 
on account of the increase in population, the density per 1,000 
inhabitants was 39 per cent below pre-war. 
The limiting factor to the numbers of swine that can be main- 
tained on German farms is the quantity of feed available at prices 
that make profitable the preparation of hogs and pork products for 
the local markets. The year 1922 ended with a large potato crop 
and consequently an abundance of cheap feed. The potato crop m 
] ( .)2'.l was nearly up to the pre-war average, and in that year the num- 
bers of swine on German farms increased 1,200.000 over 1922, the 
density per 1,000 inhabitants rising from 238 to 254. 
