110 
BULLETIN 1399, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
It is apparent from the experience of several seasons that the 
Gorman consumption of bread cereals is relatively elastic. A grain 
shortage leads to longer milling and greater substitution, so that the 
deficit is never entirely made up by imports. For example, a total 
production of wheat and rye in 1921 of 376,000,000 bushels was 
followed by net imports of 74,000,000 bushels. In 1922, with a 
bread grain production 98,000,000 bushels smaller, net imports were 
only 10,000,000 bushels larger. In 1923, with a large crop of 369,- 
000,000 bushels with Low world prices, Germany was still able to 
import 50,000,000 bushels of wheat and rye. In 1924 again there 
was a small crop of 315,000,000 bushels with high world prices. 
Imports of wheat and rye for 11 months ended May 31, 1925, 
amounted to 87,000, 000 bushels, indicating that the total imports 
for the season will be but slightly in excess of 90,000,000 bushels. 
Germany is still far below its pre-war standard of bread-grain 
consumption, however; and, if the country returns to pre-war condi- 
tions of industrial prosperity, it is reasonable to suppose that the 
consumption of bread grains will increase. 
TOBACCO 
The German market for American leaf tobacco remained steady 
throughout the whole period of depression and was exceptionally good 
in the early months of 1924. In 1923 the volume of imports of 
American tobacco was 34 per cent and in 1924 it was 88 per cent 
greater than in 1913. Imports of American tobacco in 1923 consti- 
tuted nearly 16 per cent of the total tobacco imports, as compared 
with 9 per cent in 1913. But in the first five months of 1925 imports 
of American tobacco have been much smaller than in the corre- 
sponding months of 1924, with only a slight reduction in total imports. 
Much of the American tobacco imported into Germany is for manu- 
facture and export. 
FEEDSTUFFS 
Since the numbers of all classes of livestock in Germany are smaller 
than in the years immediately preceding the war, Germany is import- 
ing smaller quantities of feed stuffs than in pre-war years. But of such 
feedstufi's as have been imported since the close of the war the United 
States has replaced Russia as the most important source of supply. 
In 1920, 1921, and 1922 Germany imported large quantities of 
American corn, but this was used largely in the manufacture of 
industrial alcohol because of the restrictions imposed by the Govern- 
ment on the use of potatoes for this purpose. Since the lifting of 
these restrictions, corn imports have been of little importance, as 
lew German fanners are familiar with the use of corn as a feedstuff. 
Barley imports from the United States have usually been unimpor- 
tant, but following the short German barley crop of 1924 nearly 
S, 000, 000 bushels of barley were exported from the United States to 
Germany in the year ended June 30, 1925. Oil cake and oil-cake 
;u<al was also exported from the United States to Germany in unusu- 
ally Large quantities in the year ended June 30, 1925, but the greater 
part was reexported, chiefly to Denmark. 
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 
The data for production, acreage, and yields per acre in Tables 
101, 102, and 103 are the yearly figures from which averages in the 
foregoing text have been calculated. 
