28 BULLETIN 651, L T . S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTr"RE. 
yearlings in the spring, $4.98. These values indicate that there 
were either too many cattle, the quality was very poor, they were 
not properly distributed on the farms, or they were not of the right 
kind; that is, too many steers were kept in place of cows. Most 
of the cows having a considerable percentage of Jersey blood in 
them would, if bred to good bulls, soon produce high-grade dairy 
cattle well adapted to the region. It is utterly impossible, however, 
to raise calves to 9 months old for $4.98, and many times it is good 
luck to the farmer, as stated by many of them, if the calf dies or 
is killed when it is born. There is practically no market for veal 
calves in this area, but if good bulls were used, a better grade of 
cattle, that could be raised profitably, would soon be obtained. 
There were three hogs of all kinds per farm on hand January 1, 1915. 
Pigs 3 months old were commonly valued at $3 to $5 apiece. One 
reason for the high price of pigs was that many farmers did not want 
to keep a sow, preferring to buy pigs of some one who raised them to 
sell. Cotton-mill employees also bought pigs, thereby increasing the 
demand. With the economic situation, existing at the time of this 
survev, conditions on the farms are not favorable for the growing of 
hogs except for the home meat supply. This is shown by the fact 
already stated that, as related to crops, hogs occupy only 14 per cent 
of the place in Anderson County that they did in 1840. One unfavor- 
able condition is the high cost of producing corn and the consequent 
small amount that is now grown. Hogs went out of Anderson County 
as corn went out. Another drawback is that the soil is not suitable 
for pasturing peanuts, as is done in some parts' of the coastal plain 
section of the South where there is less clav in the soil, as the rooting: 
of the fields in wet weather puddles the soil and puts it in poor con- 
dition for future crops. A third reason is that cowpeas, which are 
used in growing hogs, do not do as well as in the lower part of the 
State. Hogs, however, sufficient for home consumption are profit- 
able on these farms. 
The conditions in this area are also unfavorable for the production 
of beef cattle. One proof of this is the remarkable decline in the 
relative importance of cattle to crops within the last three-quarters 
of a century. The high cost of producing feed is another. The pro- 
duction of beef cattle divides itself into two phases — one the produc- 
tion of stockers and feeders, and the other the finishing of the cattle 
for the market. The former requires cheap range, and the latter 
cheap concentrated feed. In Anderson County the value of the land 
is high as compared with the range or grazing it affords. Including 
woodland and waste land, the average value of the 112 farms sur- 
veyed was 857.06 per acre, when only 52.8 per cent of this was in 
cultivation, most of the remainder being in woodland. With this 
