16 BULLETIN 618, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table IV. — Cropper's receipts, expenses, and net income, per cropper on 53 
farms {124 croppers, Brooks County, Ga.). 
Cropper's receipts: 
Cotton $297. 29 
Corn and fodder 68. 74 
Peanuts 19.77 
Other 1 2.90 
Total $388.70 
Cropper's expenses : 
Hired labor 13.56 
Family labor 60. 10 
Interest on cash 7.20 
Fertilizer 36. 90 
Ginning, bagging, and ties 11. 61 
Seed, etc .86 
Total 130.26 
Cropper's net income 1 : 258.44 
Estimated value of cropper's labor 138. 60 
The average cropper's receipts amounted to $388.70, and the av- 
erage expenses to $130.26, leaving a net income to the cropper for his 
labor upon his crops of $258.44, which compares with $138.60 as the 
amount that he would have received for the same labor had *he been 
working for wages. In addition to this the cropper worked an 
average of 13.3 days for wages, most of it for the operator. Included 
in the list of expenses is an item of $60.10, the estimated value of the 
labor of the cropper's family. This item added to the cropper's net 
income gives $318.54 as the amount that the cropper and his family 
would have received for their year's work on their crops had cotton 
sold for a normal price. The difference between $258.44: and $138.60 
represents the cropper's recompense for assuming a share of the risk 
of crop failure and a low. market. All of the estimates upon which 
these calculations are based were secured from the operator and not 
from the cropper. 
COMPARATIVE YIELDS AND COSTS BY WAGE AND BY CROPPER SYSTEM. 
Table V shows the comparative yields and unit costs of crops 
grown by the systems just described. It will be seen that for each 
crop the average yields secured by the wage system are appreciably 
higher than those by the cropper system, the difference amounting 
to 16 per cent for cotton and solid corn and 8 per cent for corn 
planted with peanuts. These higher yields were undoubtedly due 
to heavier applications of fertilizer, closer supervision by the op- 
erator, and some differences in soil, since the best fields are often re- 
served for the wage crops. 
1 Does not include returns from labor other than on his own crop. 
