6 BULLETIN 117, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGKICTJLTURE. 
DISTRIBUTION OF FARM AND LABOR INCOMES. 
For the purpose of this study the 69 records from farm owners 
were divided into three groups, as shown in Table I. The first group 
represents fruit and truck farms, each of which has a cultivated area 
usually of less than 25 acres. The main crops are beets, fruit, and 
truck, as more than one-half of the receipts come from these crops. 
The second group comprises those general farms each of which has 
an area in crops exceeding 25 acres. Their owners grow practically 
the same kinds of crops as those on the small farms, but a larger pro- 
portion of their crop receipts are from sugar beets, grain, and hay. 
Over two-thirds of their entire farm receipts come from the sale of 
crops. 
The third group, only four in number, includes grain and live-stock 
farms. Less than one-third of the receipts on these farms comes 
from the sale of crops, while more than one-half is from the sale of 
live stock and live-stock products. 
Table I. — Average area, capital, receipts, expenses, farm income, and labor income on 69 
farms operated by their owners in Utah. 
Items of inquiry (averages). 
Size of farms acres 
Crop area do. . 
Capital '. 
Receipts 
Expenses 
Farm income 
Labor income 
First 
group, 35 
small 
farms. 
16.5 
$5, 684 
954 
423 
531 
247 
Second 
group, 30 
fruit and 
beet farms. 
42.1 
Third 
group, 4 
grain and 
live-stock 
farms. 
178 
73.6 
$11,802 
1,969 
790 
1,179 
589 
$16,989 
2,420 
951 
1,469 
620 
Average 
for all 69 
farms. 
89,000 
1,480 
613 
867 
417 
Table I shows that the average size of the 35 small farms is 20^ 
acres, with 16^ acres in crops. The average labor income of this 
group is $247. This amount represents the farmer's wages for his 
year's work. In addition to the $247, he had the use of the house to 
live in and those products which the farm furnished toward his living. 
If he had to pay no interest on a mortgage, he had the total amount 
of the farm income, which is $531, to use for savings and living ex- 
penses. Of the 35 farms in this group, one-fifth of them failed to make 
a plus income. Two-thirds received less than $300 for their year's 
work. 
The second group of farms, 30 in number, is of the same general 
type, but they are much larger in size, the average area being nearly 
60 acres. Their capital is about double and their labor income of $589 
is more than twice that of the average small farm. Over two-thirds 
of those in this group had a labor income of more than $300, and over 
half made more than $500. 
