10 
BULLETIN 858, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
Table 6. — Requirements for keeping a bull by seasons based on averages obtained from 
the equivalent of 33 bulls varying from 1 year old to maturity and kept for fractional 
parts of a year. 
Item. 
Average 
of two 
winters. 
Average 
of two 
summers. 
Average 
of two 
years. 
Feed: 
Concentrates— 
Purchased 
Home grown 
nounds.. 
do.... 
335. 
518.7 
307.7 
238.3 
642.7 
757.0 
853.7 
546.0 
1,399.7 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
Pry roughage— 
* Noncommercial 
Commercial carbohydrate 
Legume 
528.7 
853.4 
934.7 
37.2 
733.3 
938.1 
565.9 
1, 586. 7 
1, 872. 8 
Total drv roughage 
2,316.8 
1,708.6 
. 4,025.4- 
do.... 
do.... 
Succulent roughage 
4, 331. 2 
645.4 
1,671.6 
6,002.8 
645.4 
$4.56 
11.9 
S4. 56 
Human labor 
hours.. 
23.8 
35.7 
Overhead costs: 
$7.83 
2.89 
4.12 
$7.83 
2.89 
4.14 
$15. 66 
Pepreciation on bull 
5.79 
8.26 
14.84 
14.86 
29.71 
The reason why the yearly average depreciation per bull amounted 
to only So. 79 was that many of the bulls increased in size after being 
taken into the herds, and when sold for beef brought as much as or 
more than the initial cost. 
SUMMARY STATEMENT OF COSTS FOR THE TWO YEARS, BY SEASONS. 
The cost of the various requirements for keeping a cow and for pro- 
ducing 100 pounds of milk during the 2 years is presented by seasons 
in Tables 7 and 8. During the second winter and summer the total 
cost, except the herd inventory variation, was $7.32 and $3.25 more 
per cow and 6 cents and 16 cents more per 100 pounds of milk, re- 
spectively, than during the corresponding seasons of the first year. 
The cost per cow and per 100 pounds of milk did not increase in the 
same proportion the second year because of the variation in seasonal 
production of the herds. That there was an increase of only 6 cents 
in the cost of 100 pounds of milk during the second winter over that 
of the first, as compared with $7.32 increase in the cost of keeping a 
cow during the same period, is the direct result of the higher produc- 
tion per cow during the second winter. 
The high increase in the cost of producing 100 pounds of milk 
during the summer of the second year and the comparatively small 
increase in the cost per cow, is due to a lower average production 
during this period than during the summer of the first year. Higher 
feed prices the second year account in most part for the higher cost 
per cow during that period. 
