BULLETIN 858, U. S. DEPAETMEXT OF AGRICULTURE. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCING 100 POUNDS OF MILK. 
It will be noted in Table 3 that with few exceptions the dollars 
and cents values have not been reported. Since prices of feed and 
labor change, results are more valuable when reported in a convertible 
form, such as pounds of feed and hours of labor. The average cost of 
hauling purchased concentrates to the dairies was $1 a ton and the 
average cost of grinding was 7 cents a bushel for ear corn and 4 
cents for shelled com and other grains. 
Table 3. 
Unit requirements by seasons for producing 100 pounds of milk during the 
two years. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Two 
win- 
ters. 
Summer; 
Two 
1915-16 
1916-17 
1915-16 
1916-17 
mers. 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grains .. 
..pounds.. 
do 
do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
24.5 
17.7 
16.5 
19.3 
20.0 
IS. 6 
15.9 
4.3 
13.2 
6.5 
14.5 
5.5 
Total concentrates 
•42.2 
35. S 
3S.6 
20.2 
19.7 
20.0 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial: 
Carbohydrate hay 
T,psmmft hay. . 
23.2 
17.4 
23.8 
13.0 
29.7 
26.0 
17.4 
24.3 
25.1 
.9 
2.4 
14.9 
5.6 
13.2 
16.5 
3.4 
8.2 
15.8 
....do.... 
....do.... 
..dollars.. 
Total dry roughage 
64.4 
68.7 
66.8 
18.2 
35.3 
27.4 
Silage and other succulent roughage 
Hauling and grinding concentrates 
Pasture 
153.2 
0.03 
143.2 
0.03 
147.6 
0.03 
56.4 
0.014 
.041 
.63.2 
0.014 
.039 
60.1 
0.014 
.040 
Bedding 
.pounds.. 
...hours.. 
....do.... 
..dollars.. 
....do.... 
disinfect- 
. . dollars . . 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
do 
20.3 
2.6 
.3 
20.4 
2.5 
.2 
20.3 
2.5 
.3 
Labor: 
Human labor 
Horse labor 
2.2 
.2 
2.2 
.2 
2.2 
.2 
Overhead and other costs: 
Building charges 
Equipment charges and dairy supplies. 
Herd charges: 
Taxes, insurance, veterinary, medicines, 
ants, and cow-testing association 
Interest on cow investment 
Cost of keeping bull 
0.132 
.081 
.044 
.079 
.077 
0.104 
.065 
.043 
.066 
.056. 
0.116 
.072 
.043 
.072 
.065 
0.131 
.079 
.044 
.078 
.066 
0.114 
.071 
.047 
.073 
.051 
0.122 
.075 
.045 
.075 
.058 
Total 
Depreciation on cows 
.413 
.109 
.334 
"'.'054' 
.36S 
.017 
.398 
.108 
.356 
"".'O66' 
.375 
.018 
....do.... 
Total overhead and other costs 
. 522 
.2<0 
.3S5 
.506 
.296 
.393 
1 As the study was begun in August, 1915, the summer designated as 1915-16 includes September and 
October of 1915 and May, June, July, and August of 1916. The summer of 1916-17 includes the correspond- 
ing months of those years. 
Because the inventories showed a depreciation on cows the first 
year and an increase the second, these items were not added to the 
sum of the overhead and other costs in order that they might be more 
easily considered separately. The fact that there was a deprecia- 
tion shown on the herd for the first year and an increase the second 
is due to a combination of factors. When the last inventory was 
taken, the influence of the increase in market price of cattle during 
the second year was apparent. Especially was this true in the case 
of cows in their first and second lactation periods, 011 which there 
